Threaten the ecological environment
A few months ago, in Nanzha Town, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, a lush, lyrical rice paddy was growing. Fu Yousheng, a researcher at the Plant Protection Office of the Huaiyin Agricultural Science Institute in Xuhuai, Jiangsu Province, pointed to the demonstration field behind him. The superiority of the green prevention and control technology for resistant weeds in direct-seeded rice fields under the condition of "full wheat field mulching and field-covering + no-tillage".
Weeds are the “nightmare†of paddy fields. They not only compete with rice for rice, compete for sunlight, compete for space, and inhibit the normal growth of rice seedlings. They also serve as intermediate hosts and vectors for rice pests and diseases, and aggravate rice pests and diseases.
Fu Yousheng took out a data: At present, China's agricultural crops, which are seriously damaged by weeds all year round, cover an area of ​​1.23 billion mu, including 4.824 million hectares of rice in the Yangtze River valley. He said that the traditional chemical weed control technology has the advantages of rapidness, high efficiency, and labor saving, and is currently the key measure to control weeds in paddy fields.
Before the emergence of rice seedlings, the soil was sprayed and closed; the corresponding stem and leaf treatment agent was selected for the second treatment in the weeds at the 2 to 3 leaf stage; afterwards, the third weed that still had net slipping was subjected to the third treatment. This is the so-called "one kill and three fills". Fu Yousheng said: "These traditional methods not only pollute the environment, but also increase the cost of planting rice."
“With the expansion of the chemical weeding area and the rapid development of chemical weed control, the drug resistance of weeds has gradually increased, and the drug resistance has become an outbreak.†Li Yongfeng, a researcher at the Plant Protection Institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said, “The population of drug-resistant weeds Spreading and expanding not only directly affects the yield and quality of crops, but also indirectly spreads important pests and diseases of crops, threatens the safe production of rice, and pollutes the ecological environment."
Green governance, only cure weeds does not hurt rice
The relevant experts told the author that in the past 20 years, various pesticide companies in the world have not successfully commercialized a new herbicide variety and lacked new herbicides that can effectively control resistant weeds. Therefore, we must establish a technical system for monitoring and comprehensive treatment of weeds to reduce the damage of weeds that are resistant to rice fields. Since 2013, relying on research and demonstration of weed resistance and monitoring technology for weeds in the public welfare (agricultural) industry, the plant protection institute of Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the plant protection room and family farm of Huaiyin Agricultural Institute in Jiangsu Xuhuai District Exploration of the Control Techniques of Resistance to Weed in Rice Fields in Nanzha Town, Huai'an City.
"We have proposed a whole set of green management programs. First we need to appropriately increase the seeding rate and sow the seeds 1 to 2 days before the harvest; then we use a track-type harvester to harvest the wheat to ensure that the straw is evenly covered and sprayed on the first day after harvest. Herbicide eliminates lice; on the third day after the annihilation, the water is completely soaked in the husks and then dried naturally, Li Yongfeng said.
How can this technology only cure weeds without hurting rice? The reason is that during the extermination process, the remaining weeds in the wheat field and some early-growing weeds have been extirpated, and the no-tillage technique makes the underlying weed seeds not to be plowed into shallow soils. The distribution of weed seeds in the shallow layer of rice growth is reduced, and the weed seeds distributed in the lower layer are also in the “inhibited†and “dormant†state. Even the weeds that are resistant to the drug are difficult to be well due to the limitations of light and space. Grow. The rice germinated three or four days after absorbing water, completely suppressing the weeds and eventually winning.
"Normally, there is no problem if more than 700 kilograms per mu are produced," Fu Yousheng told the author. "Reducing the use and abuse of pesticides and letting the people remove weeds at the lowest cost are our ultimate goals."
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