Begonia leafhopper
The worm is a leaf-feeding pest of the subfamily Acerylidae, which is a very serious hazard to licorice and is one of the major obstacles in the development of licorice production. The worms distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu provinces in the Hexi area and in Liaoning province have different levels of licorice producing areas, which are mainly harmful to sweet licorice without harming other arbors, shrubs, and grass plants. In the whole growing season, adult pests are the main hazards, and the amount of feeding is large. Adults and larvae often overlap and present hazards.
Control methods: Tests have shown that dichlorvos emulsions, trichlorfon, phoxim emulsions, and omethoate emulsions all have good insecticidal effects, and a mixture of dichlorvos and trichlorfon is 1000 times before 11 am Spray insecticides have the best effect. In addition, 1000 times spray of dichlorvos emulsion also has excellent control effect.
Ye Jiajia
The major species of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and A. maculata are the main leaf-feeding pests of G. hirsutum on the beaches of the Hetaotan and lakes. The other producing areas are also distributed, but the damage is light or does not cause harm. Adult larvae all take licorice leaves, and the leaves of the larvae are infested. Feeding on the leaves and backs of leaves often leaves veins and upper epidermis. The wormholes are uneven and wavy. In severe cases, there is no intact leaf in the licorice field. The residual leaves of the damaged licorice leaves are yellow and fall off, which seriously affects photosynthesis and poor plant growth. The main injurious period is from mid-July to late-August, and it takes 2 to 3 generations a year. Adults spend their winters in the weeds, plant debris, soil blocks, and earth seams.
Control methods: During the period from May to June when the densities of the overwintering population are relatively large, 4.5% of Alphafen powder and 2.5% of trichlorfon powder are used to prevent and control 2.5kg per mu. During the peak period, it was sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 2000-4000 times. Before wintering, we should remove the debris from the field, kill the overwintering insects with irrigation, etc., and reduce the survival rate of overwintering so as to achieve the purpose of control.
Ningxia Pearls
The worm is a kind of sucking-type pest in the root of licorice root. In addition to serious damage to wild licorice, the cultivating licorice in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu all encountered devastating damage. One year after the worm, the newly hatched nymphs lived in the host's rhizosphere and lived only in the adult stage. They lived underground in the other stages. The main hazard period is from early May to early August each year. During the hazardous period, the host's rhizome can be seen with spherical red beaded shells. Because the damage period is early and underground, it is not easy to be found, and it is difficult to prevent and control. Because the root rots after being killed, a large number of plants die.
Control methods: The winter nymphs from the end of March to the beginning of May are looking for the host period and the mating period of adult mating before the end of August is the best period for chemical control. In the early stage, systemic insecticides can be used for furrow irrigation, and powder spray and spray contact can be used in the later stage, which can achieve better control effects. Artificial cultivation should pay attention to the choice of habitat types to avoid devastating damage. The timely and reasonable excavation of licorice is also one of the important methods to prevent insect damage.
Ye Hao
The main leafhoppers, small green leafhoppers, etc., mainly harm the leaves of licorice. The licorice production areas are all distributed, with a large number of crops, long-lasting periods, and severely hazardous fields. The lower functional leaves of the plant are shed yellow and fall off in advance. The middle and upper functional leaves change from green to yellow, which seriously affects the growth and can lead to deciduous dormancy up to 1 month in advance. . The period of serious damage is from mid-June to mid-August. After September, the licorice begins to turn yellow, indicating that it has apparently moved to other hosts to prepare for winter. Occurrence of this worm is 4 to 5 generations, and it is wintering over the gap between the bark and branches. Licorice damage can be seen during the growth period of licorice.
Control methods: There are tests show that with 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 1000, 2500, 5000 times the liquid, Mushi 45kg, 14h after application of the control effect were 96.6%, 97.9%, 95.3%; production available 2000 ~ 4000 Double liquid appropriate control. In order to prevent pests, cultivated licorice should avoid overstimulation of water and fertilizer, plant greenish long hair, and should clear the winter host such as eucalyptus.
aphid
Mainly black Wusong, peach and so on. The worms are widely distributed. They occur 8 to 12 generations a year. They use eggs as their branches and gaps for winter, and they also live in perennial plants in the rhizosphere. There is a great difference in the degree of damage occurring in different years and in different habitats. In general, the hazard period is short, and most of the plants are endangered from the end of June to the beginning of July, and are not easily seen in other periods.
Control methods: In normal years, we can use natural enemies such as ladybugs and grasshoppers to control the hazards without any control. At the same time, we must pay attention to the removal of weeds beside the fields and canals. In severely damaged years, attention should be paid to early prevention and control, attention should be paid to the control of natural enemy enemies, and the use of agents should be short-lived enemy kills, dimethoate, and monocrotophos.
Shorthair grass
The worm is a small green weevil feeding on stems and leaves of licorice. The pest has a long period of damage. Generally, the licorice field can be seen from May to September, and the damage period is from July to August. The leaves are mainly fed, and the edges of the leaves are missing. It takes 2 to 3 generations a year to allow adult or early larvae to overwinter in bark gaps, licorice and weeds. The occurrence of insect pests does not require strict humidity, and the relative humidity of 20% to 50% is conducive to reproduction.
Control methods: 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 1000, 2500, 5000 times the liquid, Mushi 45kg can achieve satisfactory control effect, its control effect were 98.0%, 91.8%, 88.3%. In addition, the combination of weeding in autumn and destruction of its wintering sites can also prevent the overwintering base from being depressed. The development of licorice production to avoid undergrowth or close to forest belts is a way to reduce the damage of pests such as shorthairgrass.
Blindness
There are mainly forage grasshoppers, three-spotted sting bugs, and blind cockroaches. They occur in 3 to 4 generations a year. Adult grasshoppers are adults in the fields, weeds, cracks in the barks, and host plants in the rhizosphere, wintering, and others. Eggs are overwintered in the cracks in the bark of licorice roots, alfalfa and other host debris. Each of the licorice producing areas is distributed, and the hazard period is from July to August. The symptoms of damage are similar to those of leafhoppers, but the white spots are large, and the leaves are mostly silvery and chlorotic. They often occur mixed with leaf pods. Care should be taken in the cultivation of density, water and fertilizer management to prevent the outbreaks of the habitat.
Prevention methods: autumn and winter to clear the debris in the field and around the leaves, timely removal of weeds in the spring, while strict water and fertilizer management, appropriate sparse seedlings to make plants grow robust and reduce the incidence of insects. When the insect population is too large, conventional pesticides and leaf aphid can be used for prevention and control.
Licorice bean
This worm occurred one year after birth. It larvae wintered in licorice seeds and began to emerge in late May. It mainly eats licorice seeds during storage. Adults can also feed on licorice leaves. The seeds are not treated in the year and the worming rate can be increased after winter. Up to 35%, up to 77.4% after two years of storage.
Control methods: Daejeon survey showed that adults were observed in the fields from late May to late September, and the density of larvae was highest in early August. The focus of the prevention and control is the period of seedlings (seed base) and seed storage. The seed processing in the storage period is convenient and efficient, and for the best period of prevention and treatment of hazards, it is generally fumigated with aluminum phosphide or the like, and it can be obtained by using seeds and powders of 165 dia.
The larvae winter in dead branches.
Control methods: Pay attention to doing well before the winter to fight grass, eliminate overwhelming insect sources and remove damaged plants in time.
Underground pests
In addition to the above-mentioned pests on the ground, the key to the rapid development of licorice production and good economic benefits at the present stage is the prevention and control of underground pests. In addition to Ningxia wolfberry, the larvae of E. septentrata and E. orientalis are also present at the stage of emergence. In the adult stage, there are mainly black-crested beetles, yellow-brown exotic beetles, golden needle-worms, cockroaches, ground tigers, beetle and other serious damages to licorice. produce.
Wild and artificially cultivated licorice suffers a great deal of damage after being harmed by underground pests. The root of the wild is deeper than the surface, and the main part of the feeding hazard is the underground stem. After the damage, adventitious buds can grow rapidly and regenerate, so that the whole plant will not rot and die. The main part of the damage caused by licorice cultivation is root, and the recovery ability of the plant young is weak. With the rotting infection, the whole plant rots and dies. Therefore artificial cultivation of licorice 1 ~ 3a seedling maintenance difficulties. This is the main reason for the lack of seedlings and death of licorice in large area cultivation due to the damage of underground pests such as haze and earthworms in Ningxia.
Control methods: (1) Before planting, choose the habitats and regions where the underground pests are light and unfavorable. 2 Fine soil preparation, deep plowing, destruction of its habitat, killing insects. (3) The use of cooked manure to prevent lice and other people from being brought into the licorice field. 4 Emphasis on pre-emergence germination with seed treatment can be used 40% methylisothiphos 0.2% (seed weight), 50% 1605 EC 0.2%, 25% phoxim EC 0.1% and other seed dressing. 5 In the case of large insect pests in the ground, 5 kg of 2% phoxim powder shall be sprayed on the front of the farmland, and the soil may be treated with predator powder and 1605 powder. 63 ~ 5a raw licorice timely mining.
In order to meet the quality standards for non-polluting medicinal materials, it is forbidden to spray poisonous pesticides or other chemical agents within 45 to 60 days before the harvest of licorice in order to prevent pesticides or harmful heavy metals from remaining excessive in the licorice herbs.
The worm is a leaf-feeding pest of the subfamily Acerylidae, which is a very serious hazard to licorice and is one of the major obstacles in the development of licorice production. The worms distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu provinces in the Hexi area and in Liaoning province have different levels of licorice producing areas, which are mainly harmful to sweet licorice without harming other arbors, shrubs, and grass plants. In the whole growing season, adult pests are the main hazards, and the amount of feeding is large. Adults and larvae often overlap and present hazards.
Control methods: Tests have shown that dichlorvos emulsions, trichlorfon, phoxim emulsions, and omethoate emulsions all have good insecticidal effects, and a mixture of dichlorvos and trichlorfon is 1000 times before 11 am Spray insecticides have the best effect. In addition, 1000 times spray of dichlorvos emulsion also has excellent control effect.
Ye Jiajia
The major species of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and A. maculata are the main leaf-feeding pests of G. hirsutum on the beaches of the Hetaotan and lakes. The other producing areas are also distributed, but the damage is light or does not cause harm. Adult larvae all take licorice leaves, and the leaves of the larvae are infested. Feeding on the leaves and backs of leaves often leaves veins and upper epidermis. The wormholes are uneven and wavy. In severe cases, there is no intact leaf in the licorice field. The residual leaves of the damaged licorice leaves are yellow and fall off, which seriously affects photosynthesis and poor plant growth. The main injurious period is from mid-July to late-August, and it takes 2 to 3 generations a year. Adults spend their winters in the weeds, plant debris, soil blocks, and earth seams.
Control methods: During the period from May to June when the densities of the overwintering population are relatively large, 4.5% of Alphafen powder and 2.5% of trichlorfon powder are used to prevent and control 2.5kg per mu. During the peak period, it was sprayed with 2.5% deltamethrin 2000-4000 times. Before wintering, we should remove the debris from the field, kill the overwintering insects with irrigation, etc., and reduce the survival rate of overwintering so as to achieve the purpose of control.
Ningxia Pearls
The worm is a kind of sucking-type pest in the root of licorice root. In addition to serious damage to wild licorice, the cultivating licorice in Inner Mongolia, Ningxia and Gansu all encountered devastating damage. One year after the worm, the newly hatched nymphs lived in the host's rhizosphere and lived only in the adult stage. They lived underground in the other stages. The main hazard period is from early May to early August each year. During the hazardous period, the host's rhizome can be seen with spherical red beaded shells. Because the damage period is early and underground, it is not easy to be found, and it is difficult to prevent and control. Because the root rots after being killed, a large number of plants die.
Control methods: The winter nymphs from the end of March to the beginning of May are looking for the host period and the mating period of adult mating before the end of August is the best period for chemical control. In the early stage, systemic insecticides can be used for furrow irrigation, and powder spray and spray contact can be used in the later stage, which can achieve better control effects. Artificial cultivation should pay attention to the choice of habitat types to avoid devastating damage. The timely and reasonable excavation of licorice is also one of the important methods to prevent insect damage.
Ye Hao
The main leafhoppers, small green leafhoppers, etc., mainly harm the leaves of licorice. The licorice production areas are all distributed, with a large number of crops, long-lasting periods, and severely hazardous fields. The lower functional leaves of the plant are shed yellow and fall off in advance. The middle and upper functional leaves change from green to yellow, which seriously affects the growth and can lead to deciduous dormancy up to 1 month in advance. . The period of serious damage is from mid-June to mid-August. After September, the licorice begins to turn yellow, indicating that it has apparently moved to other hosts to prepare for winter. Occurrence of this worm is 4 to 5 generations, and it is wintering over the gap between the bark and branches. Licorice damage can be seen during the growth period of licorice.
Control methods: There are tests show that with 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 1000, 2500, 5000 times the liquid, Mushi 45kg, 14h after application of the control effect were 96.6%, 97.9%, 95.3%; production available 2000 ~ 4000 Double liquid appropriate control. In order to prevent pests, cultivated licorice should avoid overstimulation of water and fertilizer, plant greenish long hair, and should clear the winter host such as eucalyptus.
aphid
Mainly black Wusong, peach and so on. The worms are widely distributed. They occur 8 to 12 generations a year. They use eggs as their branches and gaps for winter, and they also live in perennial plants in the rhizosphere. There is a great difference in the degree of damage occurring in different years and in different habitats. In general, the hazard period is short, and most of the plants are endangered from the end of June to the beginning of July, and are not easily seen in other periods.
Control methods: In normal years, we can use natural enemies such as ladybugs and grasshoppers to control the hazards without any control. At the same time, we must pay attention to the removal of weeds beside the fields and canals. In severely damaged years, attention should be paid to early prevention and control, attention should be paid to the control of natural enemy enemies, and the use of agents should be short-lived enemy kills, dimethoate, and monocrotophos.
Shorthair grass
The worm is a small green weevil feeding on stems and leaves of licorice. The pest has a long period of damage. Generally, the licorice field can be seen from May to September, and the damage period is from July to August. The leaves are mainly fed, and the edges of the leaves are missing. It takes 2 to 3 generations a year to allow adult or early larvae to overwinter in bark gaps, licorice and weeds. The occurrence of insect pests does not require strict humidity, and the relative humidity of 20% to 50% is conducive to reproduction.
Control methods: 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion 1000, 2500, 5000 times the liquid, Mushi 45kg can achieve satisfactory control effect, its control effect were 98.0%, 91.8%, 88.3%. In addition, the combination of weeding in autumn and destruction of its wintering sites can also prevent the overwintering base from being depressed. The development of licorice production to avoid undergrowth or close to forest belts is a way to reduce the damage of pests such as shorthairgrass.
Blindness
There are mainly forage grasshoppers, three-spotted sting bugs, and blind cockroaches. They occur in 3 to 4 generations a year. Adult grasshoppers are adults in the fields, weeds, cracks in the barks, and host plants in the rhizosphere, wintering, and others. Eggs are overwintered in the cracks in the bark of licorice roots, alfalfa and other host debris. Each of the licorice producing areas is distributed, and the hazard period is from July to August. The symptoms of damage are similar to those of leafhoppers, but the white spots are large, and the leaves are mostly silvery and chlorotic. They often occur mixed with leaf pods. Care should be taken in the cultivation of density, water and fertilizer management to prevent the outbreaks of the habitat.
Prevention methods: autumn and winter to clear the debris in the field and around the leaves, timely removal of weeds in the spring, while strict water and fertilizer management, appropriate sparse seedlings to make plants grow robust and reduce the incidence of insects. When the insect population is too large, conventional pesticides and leaf aphid can be used for prevention and control.
Licorice bean
This worm occurred one year after birth. It larvae wintered in licorice seeds and began to emerge in late May. It mainly eats licorice seeds during storage. Adults can also feed on licorice leaves. The seeds are not treated in the year and the worming rate can be increased after winter. Up to 35%, up to 77.4% after two years of storage.
Control methods: Daejeon survey showed that adults were observed in the fields from late May to late September, and the density of larvae was highest in early August. The focus of the prevention and control is the period of seedlings (seed base) and seed storage. The seed processing in the storage period is convenient and efficient, and for the best period of prevention and treatment of hazards, it is generally fumigated with aluminum phosphide or the like, and it can be obtained by using seeds and powders of 165 dia.
The larvae winter in dead branches.
Control methods: Pay attention to doing well before the winter to fight grass, eliminate overwhelming insect sources and remove damaged plants in time.
Underground pests
In addition to the above-mentioned pests on the ground, the key to the rapid development of licorice production and good economic benefits at the present stage is the prevention and control of underground pests. In addition to Ningxia wolfberry, the larvae of E. septentrata and E. orientalis are also present at the stage of emergence. In the adult stage, there are mainly black-crested beetles, yellow-brown exotic beetles, golden needle-worms, cockroaches, ground tigers, beetle and other serious damages to licorice. produce.
Wild and artificially cultivated licorice suffers a great deal of damage after being harmed by underground pests. The root of the wild is deeper than the surface, and the main part of the feeding hazard is the underground stem. After the damage, adventitious buds can grow rapidly and regenerate, so that the whole plant will not rot and die. The main part of the damage caused by licorice cultivation is root, and the recovery ability of the plant young is weak. With the rotting infection, the whole plant rots and dies. Therefore artificial cultivation of licorice 1 ~ 3a seedling maintenance difficulties. This is the main reason for the lack of seedlings and death of licorice in large area cultivation due to the damage of underground pests such as haze and earthworms in Ningxia.
Control methods: (1) Before planting, choose the habitats and regions where the underground pests are light and unfavorable. 2 Fine soil preparation, deep plowing, destruction of its habitat, killing insects. (3) The use of cooked manure to prevent lice and other people from being brought into the licorice field. 4 Emphasis on pre-emergence germination with seed treatment can be used 40% methylisothiphos 0.2% (seed weight), 50% 1605 EC 0.2%, 25% phoxim EC 0.1% and other seed dressing. 5 In the case of large insect pests in the ground, 5 kg of 2% phoxim powder shall be sprayed on the front of the farmland, and the soil may be treated with predator powder and 1605 powder. 63 ~ 5a raw licorice timely mining.
In order to meet the quality standards for non-polluting medicinal materials, it is forbidden to spray poisonous pesticides or other chemical agents within 45 to 60 days before the harvest of licorice in order to prevent pesticides or harmful heavy metals from remaining excessive in the licorice herbs.
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