Bitter gourd is a typical heat-tolerant vegetable. It takes about 6-7 months to grow in the open field at low temperature, and the greenhouse cultivation can be harvested more than 1 month earlier. Bitter gourd, also known as squash, is a cucurbitaceae plant that is an annual climbing herb. Stems, branches, petioles and pedicels are pilose, with tendrils. The leaves are 3 to 12 cm in diameter and have 5 to 7 palm-shaped deep lobes. The lobes are elliptical and the outer edges are serrated. Flowering at the turn of spring and summer, monoecious, yellow. The fruit has a long elliptical shape with many irregular tumors on the surface. The seeds are hidden in fleshy fruit and are wrapped in red sacs when ripe.
Bitter gourd fruit is rich in protein, sugar, minerals and various vitamins. In particular, the vitamin C content is particularly prominent, 14 times that of cucumber, 5 times that of melon, and 7 times that of tomato. According to analysis, each 100 grams of fresh fruit contains 3 grams of carbohydrates, 0.9 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 18 milligrams of calcium, 29 milligrams of phosphorus, and 84 milligrams of vitamin C.
In addition, it also contains iron, vitamins A, B and inorganic salts. The special sugar mash contained in bitter gourd, which is bitter and cold, can stimulate the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, can promote appetite and help digestion. In addition, it also has detoxification and other effects, and is deeply loved by the masses.
Soaking seeds and germination in the middle of January in the greenhouse, electric hotbed breeding, nutrition and root protection. The bitter gourd seeds have a tortoise shell-like hard shell, which needs to be soaked in boiling water or warm water, and soaked for about 24 to 28 hours at 25 ° C, and germinated for 7 to 10 days at 30 to 35 ° C to germinate. The amount of greenhouses per acre needs to be around 200 grams.
When planting 4 to 5 leaves in mid-to-late February, the plants were planted in a sorghum 1.2 m wide, planted in 1 row, with a plant spacing of 0.5 m, and cultivated about 1100 per acre.
Post-plant management
Temperature control and humidity control in greenhouses: After planting, the greenhouses will be closed to warm the seedlings. Before the end of March, it is necessary to keep warm and freeze, and properly ventilate during the day. Before the end of April, pay attention to heat preservation at night, and pay attention to ventilation and humidity during the day.
After May, the main reason is to ventilate and cool down. When the temperature reaches 30 °C in the afternoon, the ventilation starts. When the temperature in the shed falls to 25 °C, the ventilation is stopped. In June, the apron film was removed from the shed and the roof film was kept from rain.
Although bitter gourd is resistant to fertilizer, it is weak in fertilization at the seedling stage, so it is necessary to pay attention to the front and then heavy. After planting, the seedling period can be 10% diluted manure water; in the stem and leaf growth period and the flowering result period, 1 to 2 times of heavy fertilizer should be applied, and each compound fertilizer should be applied 25~30 kg per mu; Once, collect once with 0.2% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture. The management principle of water is: the water can be properly controlled in the early stage of growth after the seedlings are kept, and the soil is kept moist;
Bitter gourd is strong in branching, and when it is used to draw long tendrils, it is timely to take a herringbone frame or arched or trapezoidal frame. The bitter melon is mainly composed of the main vine, and in the condition of sufficient water and fertilizer, several side vines can be left in the later stage to increase the later yield. Artificial pollination should be carried out, and female peduncle or young melon should be applied with 20-40 mg/L 2,4-D to increase the fruiting rate of bitter gourd.
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