1 colored calla lily production status color Calla lily Araceae Araceae is a perennial bulbous flower, is an excellent fresh cut flowers and potted flowers. In recent years, colored calla lily has gained more and more important status in the international flower market because of its colorful colors, elegant appearance and wide application. It is recognized as a flower star of the century. Colored calla is native to rivers and swamps in southern Africa. Hundreds of years ago, it was introduced into Europe for artificial cultivation. A hundred years ago, cross-breeding or intergeneric breeding of calla lily began. Many countries in the world have colored calla lily production, especially in countries such as New Zealand and the Netherlands. China's introduction, production and application of colored calla lily is not a long time, large-scale production is in its infancy, but the momentum of development is good. The cultivation of white calla lily in Heilongjiang Province has a history of several decades. In recent years, large-scale production has taken place. Heilongjiang Shuangxin Horticultural Company has basically achieved the annual production of white cut calla flowers, and the cut flowers and seedlings have been promoted to the province. The cities of Daqing, Qiqihar, Hegang, and Mudanjue, but the introduction of colored calla lily in the province is only a matter of recent years. The varieties are mainly light yellow, purple, pink and so on.
2 Colored Calla Lily Ecological Habits
2.1 Temperature: Because the colored calla grows in the rivers and marshes in southern Africa, it is warm and cold-resistant, its optimum temperature for growth is about 23°C, birth temperature is 18°C ​​to 20°C, and nighttime temperature is kept above 10°C to normal flowering. , but it is best not lower than 16 °C, the temperature is low, the flowering is postponed, the color calla lily can withstand 4 °C low temperature. Above 25°C or below 5°C, it is easy to cause colored calla lily to sleep. At 0°C, bulbs will be frozen and die.
2.2 Light: Colored calla prefer sunshine, especially in winter. Color calla lily slightly shade-tolerant, direct sunlight in the summer will cause leaves withered and sunburn, to appropriate shade, the general shade of 30% is more appropriate, too much shade will affect the coloring of the sepals, resulting in the color of the flowers is not bright enough. The length of sunshine has little effect on flowering, and it can grow well under full or half daylight.
2.3 Moisture: The requirements of water color for calla lily are more stringent. To avoid soil drought, too much water can cause root rot. The supply of water needs to grasp the principle of “many small amountsâ€, and the frequency and intensity of watering vary from season to season. The color of calla lily does not require much air humidity, but excessive drying of the air humidity will cause leaf curling, wilting, flaking and dysplasia and other physiological diseases. It is worth noting that the air humidity should not be wet and dry. Maintain a relatively balanced humidity environment.
2.4 pH: color calla is acidic flower, the acid-base adaptation range is pH between 5.0 and 7.5, in actual production, in order to prevent bacterial soft rot, usually maintain the soil acidity at pH 6.0-7.0 between.
2.5 Nutrition: Colored calla lily has a rich and fertile soil environment. Needs good drainage, slightly acidic, sandy loam rich in humus.
2.6 Dormancy: Calla dormancy varies from place to place. It sleeps in the summer in the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and does not sleep in the subtropics. In the temperate regions north of the Yangtze River in China, it is mostly potted. It blooms indoors in winter and sleeps at high temperatures in summer. In the production of indoor fresh cut flowers in Heilongjiang province, the annual production of colored calla lily can be achieved through warming in winter and cooling in summer. In general, the main constraint for the sleep of colored Calla Lilies is temperature. In addition, humidity and light will affect the growth of colored calla. Colored Calla Dormancy is a passive adaptation to adverse environments, and too high or too low a temperature can cause calla lily to sleep.
2.7 Flowering period: The color of calla lily is longer, but due to different varieties and different cultivation areas, the flowering period is also different. Generally, the temperate regions in the north of the Yangtze River are planted indoors, and the flowering period is mostly from the end of December to the second year of May. Among them, the flowering period is from February to March. The subtropical area south of the Yangtze River is from December to March of the second year. In the area above 1000 meters above sea level, the flowering period can be extended to from August to October. By controlling the temperature, light and planting time of the colored calla, the flowering period can be effectively controlled.
3 Calla breeding methods The main breeding method of colored Calla is propagation and sowing. The ball-pointing method is carried out during the dormant period. Planting small tubers and flowering the next year. Because of its long cycle and large variation, the sowing propagation method is mainly used in the breeding of colored calla lily, which is not used in production. Generally, it is sown in about 10 months, and the germination temperature is about 20°C. With the development of modern biotechnology, large-scale rapid propagation of color calla lily using tissue culture will gradually replace the traditional method of reproduction because the tissue culture method is not only fast, but also uses stem shoot culture to greatly reduce the chance of virus infection. Get a lot of healthy seedlings.
4 Color calla cultivation tips Colored calla pots are generally planted at the beginning of September, because of their well-developed roots, should be used at least 15cm high flower pots, with good drainage, sandy soil rich in humus, it is best to apply some organic fertilizer Base fertilizer. After emergence, put it in a place where light is strong and keep it moist. It is full of light in winter and shading in summer. The suitable temperature is 20-25°C, and it should be kept above 10°C in winter. During the growing season, apply liquid fertilizer once every 2 weeks. Note that liquid fertilizer should not be poured into the petiole, so as to avoid petiole rot. Color calla lily should maintain adequate moisture during growth, but should not be too wet, high temperature and high humidity environment, can cause the color of Calla lily infected bacterial soft rot. Before flowering, if there are too many leaves, some old leaves can be removed to facilitate the extraction of flower stems. In the flowering season, the main fertilizer is phosphate fertilizer. After the weather turns hot in late June, when the color of Zantedeschia leaves gradually turns yellow, it is necessary to control the watering to promote its dormancy. After the leaves are completely yellow, the tubers are taken out, stored in a cool and ventilated place, and planted after the grading of large and small tubers in autumn. The big ball blossoms and the ball raises the seedlings. In the cultivation of colored calla lily in Heilongjiang area, ventilation cooling measures can be taken so that it can continue to grow after flowering, reaching annual growth, even annual flower production.
5 color calla lily pest control
5.1 Diseases: The common diseases of colored calla lily are soft rot, virus disease, gray mold, and root rot. The main control methods: 1 Dry and sterilize bulbs. 2 soil disinfection. 3 strengthen the cultivation and management. 4 Do a good job in environmental sanitation and timely destroy the diseased and cultivated bulbs. 5 appropriate rotation. 6 chemical control.
5.2 Insect pests: The common pests of colored calla are tapeworms, scale insects, and red spiders. The main methods of prevention and control are as follows: 1 Increase planting density. 2 strengthen ventilation. 3 Use appropriate chemical agents for control.
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