Black currant, the scientific name black currant, is a perennial small shrub of the Saxifragaceae, and wild species are distributed in the Tianshan Mountains. Its fruit is small berries, rich in sugar, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, vitamins and other substances. Especially with high vitamin C content, second only to kiwifruit in fruits, it can be used as a raw material for vitamin C extraction. The juice is fuchsia and transparent and can be used to make fruit juices, fruit wines, jams and raw foods.
I. Variety selection
For many years, cultivars of blackcurrants have mainly introduced brightleaf thick and thin-skinned black beans. The bright leaves have a long lifespan and strong adaptability, but they must be buried when they pass through winter, and they are not resistant to diseases. Thin skin has strong cold resistance, and winter does not cover the ground for winter. However, the fruit quality is poor, and the yield per unit of juice is low, and it is not transportable. Domestic research institutes have introduced a number of new varieties with good quality, high yield and strong disease resistance through introduction experiments and cross breeding. The main varieties are: Black Pearl, Black Venus, Early Black, Ears of Ear, Oybin, No Labor, Hanfeng, Zaofeng and so on. The main characteristics of these varieties are: Yield up to 1000 kg/667m2, which is about 20% higher than bright leaf thick skin, strong disease resistance, basically no medicine for the whole growing period, immune powdery mildew; high juice yield, high sugar content, soluble The solids content is higher than that of bright leaves.
Second, reproductive technology
1, cutting propagation. After the autumn, strong and healthy basal shoots were cut from the elite parent plants and cut into 20-25 cm long cuttings. Each 50-300 bunches were bundled and buried in the wet sand of the trench or pit. When the soil temperature in Hunchun is above 5°C, the cuttings are cut into 10 to 15 centimeters, and the cuttings are cut in about half a month. Under good management conditions, it can be said in autumn. In winter, where snow is big, it can be cut in autumn.
2, layering. In the spring, the basal branches that were issued last year were pressed around the clusters and buried 5 cm of soil. After Xin Shao grows taller, cover it with 3 cm more to expand the rooting range. After cutting off the mother plant in the autumn, it can become seedlings.
3, ramets breeding. Generally, there are adventitious roots under each basal shoot, and the clusters are excavated and can be divided into several small plant clusters.
Third, build garden technology
1, garden choice. Blackcurrant hi light, warm, wet, and fat, should choose a warmer, sunny and well-watered fertile location to build a garden.
2, planting density. Row spacing is 1.5 to 2.0 meters or 1.5 to 2.5 meters. The ratio of the main cultivars to the pollination cultivars ranges from 3 to 4:1. The size of the planting hole is 3030 cm. After planting, 2 to 4 plants must be unearthed to allow multiple lateral branches. Each hole can be planted 1 to 3 seedlings.
3, planting technology. Planting in spring is appropriate. The colonization hole size is 3030 cm. After the colonization, 3 to 4 shoots were exposed on the soil surface, and 2 to 4 seedlings were planted per hole. In order to promote multiple pedigree shoots with multiple adventitious roots and bases, it is possible to plant a deep-slope plant.
Fourth, pruning
1, shaping method. The main use of plexiform plastic. During spring planting, all shoots were cut short, and 4 to 5 well-developed shoots were left on each branch. In the autumn, 4 to 5 shoots of the first-order branches (two-year-old shoots) were formed, and the lateral branches began to form flower buds. Some plants have basal shoots from the rhizomes.
2, pruning method. Cultivate and maintain 15 to 20 branch shoots of different ages; maintain good light conditions, and remove excessively dense shoots. The basal branches cut 1/2 to 1/3 of the full length and cultivated strong basal branches; the extension branches and shoots on the basal branches had 2 to 5 buds at the top; short and short fruit pods did not cut. In order to cultivate long-lasting and robust backbone sticks. To control the basal branch that occurs at its base. In addition to retaining the newer buds, all buds from other bases are erased. The senile skeleton sticks must be updated in time, shrinking to the strong side branches. The pests, weak branches and wounded branches are removed from the base as soon as possible.
Fifth, fertilizer and water management
Basal fat in autumn or spring. Mature garden 667m2 applies organic fertilizer 3 to 4 tons, young gardens apply 2 to 3 tons, inorganic fertilizer contains 4 to 5 kg of active ingredient nitrogen, 3 to 4 kg of phosphorus and potassium, and ditch or ring ditch . Gully is ditched in the near roots, 10 to 20 cm deep, 20 to 30 cm wide, covered with soil after fertilization. As the tree age increases, the location of the fertilization ditch will be opened year by year, and the ditch will also be deepened and widened until all the rows have been applied. Basal fertilizer can be applied once every 1 to 2 years. Top dressings were mainly applied in the spring and in June. The first time was dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, and the second time nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were used together. Irrigation is mainly carried out in the spring and in the early growth stage, and can be used for furrow irrigation or hole irrigation. The root distribution layer must be thoroughly perfused, and the earthworms should be kept flat after irrigation. After the irrigation, timely cultivating and weeding.
6. Harvesting
The blackcurrant fruit is easy to fall off after ripening and must be harvested in stages. When harvesting, the fully ripened fruit is selected. At this time, the weight of the berry is large, the color of the juice is good, and the vitamin content is high. Harvest time should be in the afternoon and evening, and the berries are not perishable. The collected berries are placed in a wooden box and then sold in boxes. Mature berries can only be stored for 2 to 3 days, so they must be processed and processed or pressed into fruit juices in time to reduce losses.
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