First, rootstock and scion selection Shandingzi as a grafted rootstock. Practice has proved that the mountain sago from northeast China has strong adaptability, good cold resistance, fast growth, long life, good grafting affinity with red meat apples, and the highest survival rate.
The grafts should be selected on the superior plants that grow robustly and without pests and diseases. The ones with well-developed robust shoots should be preferred; budding is best followed by picking.
Second, the method of grafting branches in late April to mid-May, when the scion did not sprout, rootstock sap has flowed; buds in the July-August.
1. Branching method: Use a section of mother tree branch as scion, usually with 2-3 buds. Rootstocks were grafted at the grafting site. The commonly used methods are splicing, cutting, and subcutaneous. Which cut in more practical applications.
The cut scion utilizes the 1-year-old vegetative shoot trimmed in winter to select the scion that is finer than the rootstock or thicker than the rootstock. When cutting, the lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge slant, which is 2.5 centimeters long and leaves 2-3 full-filled buds cut off. Rootstocks should be cut 3-5 cm from the ground. The cuts should be flat and smooth. Select the smooth side under the clipping and cut straight down the outer edge of the xylem. The cut depth is slightly smaller than the cutting face. The cut scion will be cut to face the inside of the rootstock, so that the scion and rootstock will form a layer alignment. The exposed part of the scion long face that is exposed is 0.2 cm or so, and then tied with plastic.
2, bud connection method: In the rootstock near the ground 3-5 centimeters, select the smooth side, the wind damage area can choose to face the wind, with a knife cut T-shaped mouth, horizontal knife is 1-1.5 cm, vertical knife is 1- 1.5 cm. The scion is cut into the shape of a horse ear, then the scion is inserted into the "D" shaped blade, and the rootstock is aligned with the bud to facilitate healing. Finally tied with plastic strips.
Third, after the graft management In order to make grafted seedlings grow better, in the fast-growing period, we must strengthen field management such as fertilizer, water, weed control and pest control. For weak trees with slow growth after grafting, special management is required. For grafting unsuccessful trees, woody buds can be timely carried out after the buds mature in July-August. In the late October before freezing, the soil should be 10 cm above the sprouts to prevent the shoots from freezing. The cold-proof soil shall be withdrawn before the sprouting of the spring-frozen rootstock in order to increase the temperature of the soil and promote budding in time.
In order to avoid consumption of nutrients and promote budding growth, excessive shoots and sprouting should be promptly removed. In the spring of sprouting buds, the buds with buds above 0.5 cm will be cut off before germination in the spring of the following year. Too late cutting of the anvil will cause budding and germination late, affecting the growth of seedlings. When the grafted seedlings grow to 20 centimeters in length, loosen the plastic tape in time, loosen the plastic tape and wrap it in the original direction. When the scion grows to 30 centimeters, the 40-50 centimeter stick will be used for tying. As grafted shoots continue to grow, the tie-up work needs to be followed in phases.
Grafting branches grow rapidly, and the problem cannot be solved fundamentally by tying up the roots. Also, appropriate branches are needed to reduce the load strength of grafted bases. Branches were dense branches, back branches, competing branches (branches that sprouted from the second bud under the cut), variable branches, and overlapping branches. The amount of branches accounted for 25-35% of the total number of grafted branches. too much.
The grafts should be selected on the superior plants that grow robustly and without pests and diseases. The ones with well-developed robust shoots should be preferred; budding is best followed by picking.
Second, the method of grafting branches in late April to mid-May, when the scion did not sprout, rootstock sap has flowed; buds in the July-August.
1. Branching method: Use a section of mother tree branch as scion, usually with 2-3 buds. Rootstocks were grafted at the grafting site. The commonly used methods are splicing, cutting, and subcutaneous. Which cut in more practical applications.
The cut scion utilizes the 1-year-old vegetative shoot trimmed in winter to select the scion that is finer than the rootstock or thicker than the rootstock. When cutting, the lower part of the scion is cut into a wedge slant, which is 2.5 centimeters long and leaves 2-3 full-filled buds cut off. Rootstocks should be cut 3-5 cm from the ground. The cuts should be flat and smooth. Select the smooth side under the clipping and cut straight down the outer edge of the xylem. The cut depth is slightly smaller than the cutting face. The cut scion will be cut to face the inside of the rootstock, so that the scion and rootstock will form a layer alignment. The exposed part of the scion long face that is exposed is 0.2 cm or so, and then tied with plastic.
2, bud connection method: In the rootstock near the ground 3-5 centimeters, select the smooth side, the wind damage area can choose to face the wind, with a knife cut T-shaped mouth, horizontal knife is 1-1.5 cm, vertical knife is 1- 1.5 cm. The scion is cut into the shape of a horse ear, then the scion is inserted into the "D" shaped blade, and the rootstock is aligned with the bud to facilitate healing. Finally tied with plastic strips.
Third, after the graft management In order to make grafted seedlings grow better, in the fast-growing period, we must strengthen field management such as fertilizer, water, weed control and pest control. For weak trees with slow growth after grafting, special management is required. For grafting unsuccessful trees, woody buds can be timely carried out after the buds mature in July-August. In the late October before freezing, the soil should be 10 cm above the sprouts to prevent the shoots from freezing. The cold-proof soil shall be withdrawn before the sprouting of the spring-frozen rootstock in order to increase the temperature of the soil and promote budding in time.
In order to avoid consumption of nutrients and promote budding growth, excessive shoots and sprouting should be promptly removed. In the spring of sprouting buds, the buds with buds above 0.5 cm will be cut off before germination in the spring of the following year. Too late cutting of the anvil will cause budding and germination late, affecting the growth of seedlings. When the grafted seedlings grow to 20 centimeters in length, loosen the plastic tape in time, loosen the plastic tape and wrap it in the original direction. When the scion grows to 30 centimeters, the 40-50 centimeter stick will be used for tying. As grafted shoots continue to grow, the tie-up work needs to be followed in phases.
Grafting branches grow rapidly, and the problem cannot be solved fundamentally by tying up the roots. Also, appropriate branches are needed to reduce the load strength of grafted bases. Branches were dense branches, back branches, competing branches (branches that sprouted from the second bud under the cut), variable branches, and overlapping branches. The amount of branches accounted for 25-35% of the total number of grafted branches. too much.
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