Xuzhou City and Lianyungang City in the northern part of Jiangsu Province adopt better sunlight cultivation of peaches.
First, the choice of species. Select early-fruited peach varieties such as Premosa honey, Huiyulu, Zaohualu, Yuhualu, Annon Shuimi, Xiahui No.1, Chunfeng, Chunyan, and Zaohong No.2, Shuguang, May fire, and early Micron and other nectarine varieties. In the same greenhouse, two or three cultivars with similar flowering durations were planted to facilitate pollination and increase the fruit setting rate.
Second, planting and tree management. High-density cultivation, spacing 1.2-2.5 meters, spacing 0.9-1.5 meters. Trench ditches before planting and apply sufficient amount of organic fertilizer into the trenches. After planting, the tree cover covers the plastic film to increase seedlings and survival rate and promote tree growth. In the early stage, large water was added to promote tree growth. When the new shoot length was 50 cm, 15% paclobutrazol 150-200 times was sprayed, and sprayed once a week later. The shape of the tree adopts two main branches, a happy shape or a trunk shape and a fan shape. After flowering, remove buds and dense buds at the slash mouth. 20 days after flowering, the branches without fruit set and the dense fruit branch were removed, and the fresh shoots were picked up to promote fruit set and fruit development. During the hard core period, the new shoots were too dense and too strong, and the new shoots were picked up continuously. During the fruit coloring period, the light-blocking leaves that affect the coloration of the fruit were removed. After the fruit was harvested, the fruit branches were properly retracted. Through pruning and chemical regulation, the resulting parts were controlled within a range of 1-2 meters. From late July to late August, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers was controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added to control the vegetative growth of the tree; the tree branches were opened to ease the tree potential; the angle of the main branch of open heart was opened to 60 degrees, and the main branch angle of the short spindle was 80 degrees is appropriate; spraying twice 300 mg/l paclobutrazol solution to promote flower bud formation. After harvesting the fruit, the dense branches were properly removed on the basis of maintaining the original tree shape, and the 2-4 main branches were left in the shape of a happy tree and 8-12 main branches in the dwarf spindle tree. For the main branch that remains, retract, usually leaving 1-2 branches at 20-30 cm from the trunk.
Third, the shed time and before and after the buckle shed management. The earliest can be shed in the second half of December, and it is usually baited in January. It can be adjusted according to the weather conditions. According to the soil conditions before the shed, the fertilizer is properly replenished. The manure is the main fertilizer and the soil is watered when the soil is dry. One month before the shed, cover the mulch after pouring enough water to increase the soil temperature. Artificially contributed to break the dormancy for 15-20 days. During the day, shade was used to keep the temperature in the greenhouse low. At night, the straw was opened to keep the temperature lower, and the peach tree was allowed to go through the dormancy period. After the shed is fully watered, 7-10 days after the shed, the room temperature is maintained at 15-20°C. When the temperature in the greenhouse is low, buckle the membrane and close the ventilation holes. The curtain was warmed up before 8 o'clock in the morning and the curtain was kept warm at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. During the period of the lowest temperature in January-February, kraft paper was placed under the straw to increase the heat preservation effect, so that the minimum temperature during the flowering period was kept at 5°C or more. When the temperature is high, open the skylights, ventilation holes on the back wall, etc. to cool the air, or use a small amount of grass curtains to cool the shade. In May, the temperature rose until the minimum temperature at night in the grass curtain room was removed above 10°C. The indoor temperature was maintained during the flowering stage and early fruit enlargement period to avoid the effect of excessive temperature difference between day and night on fruit setting rate. In this period, even rainy weather can warm up. Reflective film on the ground to increase the scattering of light, reflective film hanging in the back wall of the greenhouse, overcast and rainy days with an incandescent light to supplement the light, in order to improve the quality of the fruit.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management. The watering method is flood irrigation. When sprouting, it is poured 1-2 times with small water. The flowering period is generally not watered, and the fruit is poured 1 time before the expansion. Before the germination of peach trees, after fruit setting, before fruit ripening, and after harvesting, fertilization was conducted once. Organic fertilizers were mainly used in combination with application of mixed fertilizer. In conjunction with watering and topdressing, trenches are applied 40 to 50 cm on both sides of the trunk, and soil is applied after the application. Pay attention to the drainage during the rainy season so as to prevent the soil from getting too wet. After fruit set, spray 2-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or calcium superphosphate solution 2-3 times before fruit ripening. Spray 0.02% potassium sulfate solution during fruit setting period and young fruit growth period to improve fruit quality.
Fifth, flower and fruit management. When pollinating the pollen variety is fully expanded, artificial pollination is performed, or 1-2 boxes of bees are pollinated in each greenhouse.
Six, prevention and treatment of pests. The major pests and diseases of greenhouse peaches include aphids, red spiders, leaf leaf moths and bacterial perforation, anthrax, and root rot. Prevention of peach aphid, in the early stages of bud germination with speed killing Ding 2000 times or a net 1500 times or endosulfan 1500 times liquid spray. The control of red spiders was sprayed with 2,500-fold solution of nidrasulfide or 2,500-fold solution of mothrazone. The leaf miner was controlled and sprayed with diflubenzuron 3 or mothrozole 2000 times. To control bacterial perforation and anthrax, spray 4-5 Baume before the germination of lime sulfur, spray 65% ​​Dysonem 500 times after flowering 2-3 times, spraying thiophanate-methyl before fruit ripening 1000 times liquid. To prevent and treat root diseases, the roots were irrigated with thiophanate-methyl 600-800 times or multi-effects 1500 times.
First, the choice of species. Select early-fruited peach varieties such as Premosa honey, Huiyulu, Zaohualu, Yuhualu, Annon Shuimi, Xiahui No.1, Chunfeng, Chunyan, and Zaohong No.2, Shuguang, May fire, and early Micron and other nectarine varieties. In the same greenhouse, two or three cultivars with similar flowering durations were planted to facilitate pollination and increase the fruit setting rate.
Second, planting and tree management. High-density cultivation, spacing 1.2-2.5 meters, spacing 0.9-1.5 meters. Trench ditches before planting and apply sufficient amount of organic fertilizer into the trenches. After planting, the tree cover covers the plastic film to increase seedlings and survival rate and promote tree growth. In the early stage, large water was added to promote tree growth. When the new shoot length was 50 cm, 15% paclobutrazol 150-200 times was sprayed, and sprayed once a week later. The shape of the tree adopts two main branches, a happy shape or a trunk shape and a fan shape. After flowering, remove buds and dense buds at the slash mouth. 20 days after flowering, the branches without fruit set and the dense fruit branch were removed, and the fresh shoots were picked up to promote fruit set and fruit development. During the hard core period, the new shoots were too dense and too strong, and the new shoots were picked up continuously. During the fruit coloring period, the light-blocking leaves that affect the coloration of the fruit were removed. After the fruit was harvested, the fruit branches were properly retracted. Through pruning and chemical regulation, the resulting parts were controlled within a range of 1-2 meters. From late July to late August, the application of nitrogenous fertilizers was controlled, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were added to control the vegetative growth of the tree; the tree branches were opened to ease the tree potential; the angle of the main branch of open heart was opened to 60 degrees, and the main branch angle of the short spindle was 80 degrees is appropriate; spraying twice 300 mg/l paclobutrazol solution to promote flower bud formation. After harvesting the fruit, the dense branches were properly removed on the basis of maintaining the original tree shape, and the 2-4 main branches were left in the shape of a happy tree and 8-12 main branches in the dwarf spindle tree. For the main branch that remains, retract, usually leaving 1-2 branches at 20-30 cm from the trunk.
Third, the shed time and before and after the buckle shed management. The earliest can be shed in the second half of December, and it is usually baited in January. It can be adjusted according to the weather conditions. According to the soil conditions before the shed, the fertilizer is properly replenished. The manure is the main fertilizer and the soil is watered when the soil is dry. One month before the shed, cover the mulch after pouring enough water to increase the soil temperature. Artificially contributed to break the dormancy for 15-20 days. During the day, shade was used to keep the temperature in the greenhouse low. At night, the straw was opened to keep the temperature lower, and the peach tree was allowed to go through the dormancy period. After the shed is fully watered, 7-10 days after the shed, the room temperature is maintained at 15-20°C. When the temperature in the greenhouse is low, buckle the membrane and close the ventilation holes. The curtain was warmed up before 8 o'clock in the morning and the curtain was kept warm at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. During the period of the lowest temperature in January-February, kraft paper was placed under the straw to increase the heat preservation effect, so that the minimum temperature during the flowering period was kept at 5°C or more. When the temperature is high, open the skylights, ventilation holes on the back wall, etc. to cool the air, or use a small amount of grass curtains to cool the shade. In May, the temperature rose until the minimum temperature at night in the grass curtain room was removed above 10°C. The indoor temperature was maintained during the flowering stage and early fruit enlargement period to avoid the effect of excessive temperature difference between day and night on fruit setting rate. In this period, even rainy weather can warm up. Reflective film on the ground to increase the scattering of light, reflective film hanging in the back wall of the greenhouse, overcast and rainy days with an incandescent light to supplement the light, in order to improve the quality of the fruit.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management. The watering method is flood irrigation. When sprouting, it is poured 1-2 times with small water. The flowering period is generally not watered, and the fruit is poured 1 time before the expansion. Before the germination of peach trees, after fruit setting, before fruit ripening, and after harvesting, fertilization was conducted once. Organic fertilizers were mainly used in combination with application of mixed fertilizer. In conjunction with watering and topdressing, trenches are applied 40 to 50 cm on both sides of the trunk, and soil is applied after the application. Pay attention to the drainage during the rainy season so as to prevent the soil from getting too wet. After fruit set, spray 2-3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or calcium superphosphate solution 2-3 times before fruit ripening. Spray 0.02% potassium sulfate solution during fruit setting period and young fruit growth period to improve fruit quality.
Fifth, flower and fruit management. When pollinating the pollen variety is fully expanded, artificial pollination is performed, or 1-2 boxes of bees are pollinated in each greenhouse.
Six, prevention and treatment of pests. The major pests and diseases of greenhouse peaches include aphids, red spiders, leaf leaf moths and bacterial perforation, anthrax, and root rot. Prevention of peach aphid, in the early stages of bud germination with speed killing Ding 2000 times or a net 1500 times or endosulfan 1500 times liquid spray. The control of red spiders was sprayed with 2,500-fold solution of nidrasulfide or 2,500-fold solution of mothrazone. The leaf miner was controlled and sprayed with diflubenzuron 3 or mothrozole 2000 times. To control bacterial perforation and anthrax, spray 4-5 Baume before the germination of lime sulfur, spray 65% ​​Dysonem 500 times after flowering 2-3 times, spraying thiophanate-methyl before fruit ripening 1000 times liquid. To prevent and treat root diseases, the roots were irrigated with thiophanate-methyl 600-800 times or multi-effects 1500 times.
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