Vacuum freeze-drying technology has a wide range of applications in the fields of bioengineering, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, materials science and deep processing of agricultural and sideline products. Therefore, this technology is highly valued at home and abroad. This can be appreciated only by relevant academic conferences at home and abroad. Domestic chemical engineering professional committee of China Chemical Industry Association holds a national dry technology academic exchange meeting every two years. There are many articles on freeze-drying technology published at the meeting; the sixth professional committee of China Refrigeration Society holds a national meeting every four years. The academic seminar on vacuum freeze-drying, all the articles published at the meeting were freeze-dried; the relevant meetings of the China Vacuum Society Agricultural Machinery Society, Food Society, Medicine, and Biology all published articles on freeze-drying. The International Society of Drying holds an academic exchange every two years. At the IDS'98 International Conference, Professor A. Liapis of the University of Missouri-Lola, USA, won the “Outstanding Freeze-Drying Award†for the basic research in vacuum freeze-drying. He made outstanding contributions; in 2000, the International Drying Conference was attended by more than 30 countries and localities, and 301 papers were published. There were 5 awards, the third of which was “Outstanding Contribution to Freeze-Dryingâ€; the 13th International Drying in 2002 The seminar was held in Beijing, China, with a total of 3 volumes of papers. The articles on freeze-drying were collected in Volume A. In the 8 conference topics, the results of Northeastern University's activity in freeze-dried corneas were mentioned twice. Japanese scholars offered to exchange visits to the laboratory. 1. Research on the basis of freeze-drying technology at home and abroad The doctoral students of Northeastern University have established a heat transfer model for freezing materials on the shelf and a heat transfer model for freezing the cornea in the desuperheater. Sandall and King et al. proposed the heat and mass transfer model in the sublimation drying process, referred to as the URF model (The Uniformly Retreating Ice Model). On this basis, Liapis and Lifchfield proposed the desorption-sublimation model of the vacuum freeze-drying process. The current hot topic of research is the heat and mass transfer of biological cells during lyophilization, and the theory of heat transfer and mass transfer in nanometer size. 2. Research and development of freeze-drying equipment at home and abroad Domestic freeze-drying equipment has been modernized. The freeze-drying equipment for domestic medicine has achieved complete functions, reliable work, stable performance, advanced control, and comprehensive implementation of GMP standards. All technical indicators can meet the needs of freeze-drying production of biological products and pharmaceuticals. The main functions are hydraulic plugging in the box; online cleaning (CIP); steam sterilization (SIP); control of main process parameters during lyophilization. The freeze-drying equipment for food has been enlarged, and the freeze-drying area of ​​the large freeze-drying equipment of Zui is up to 200m2. Tunnel-type semi-continuous freeze-drying equipment has also been introduced and is in good operating condition. The food freeze dryer can be automatically controlled by the industrial computer to ensure the quality of the product. The specifications of foreign freeze-drying equipment are more than domestic, the equipment is complete, the energy-saving structure is more refined, and the continuous freeze-drying equipment has a large production capacity. In order to ensure the quality and energy saving of freeze-dried products, combined freeze-drying equipment, such as spray freeze-drying equipment, is often used in combination with freeze-drying equipment and other drying equipment. 3. Research on freeze-drying processes at home and abroad The biological freeze-drying process of biological products and drugs is complicated, especially in the study of freeze-dried protective agents and excipients. The units are kept secret from each other and published in the article. The content is a common sense formula. The main difference between research work at home and abroad is the test instrument. Most of the domestic experiments and experience; foreign instruments are more advanced, such as low temperature Biological Microscope, scanning electron Microscope, etc. have been more common applications, the speed and accuracy of research are relatively high. 4. Development of application of freeze-drying technology at home and abroad The development of freeze-drying technology in domestic food industry is rapid. Most freeze-dried products provide raw materials for the international market; the application of freeze-drying technology in biological products and pharmaceuticals is steadily advancing. In order to improve the activity of live bacteria and live vaccines, and to improve the quality and speed of drugs, freeze-drying must be adopted; applications in other fields are slow to develop. The research of foreign researchers is relatively open, and there are many freeze-drying techniques applied in the field of nano-material production. In the fields of restoration of ancient paintings and calligraphy, production of animal and plant specimens, freeze-drying technology has applications.
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