First, the amount of fertilizer is not scientific
Fertilization standards are difficult to unify everywhere, most of the fruit growers only rely on experience and reference data to fertilize, often appear excessive fertilization, resulting in tree growth, arduous growth, some are too much phosphate, resulting in zinc deficiency; some are too much potassium, resulting in calcium deficiency Other physiological symptoms.
Improvement methods: Abandon the original outdated fertilization standards, the amount of organic fertilizer per acre applied to measure, do not use pounds or kilograms, organic fertilizer because of the different types, the difference between dry and wet, it is not good to use the weight to measure. The amount of chemical fertiliser should be determined according to the yield and quality. Nitrogen fertilizer should be used less in small years. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be balanced in large-years. According to the amount of fruit consumed, the difference between the soil and the fertility varies by 20% to 30%. . According to research, 2500 kilograms of apples per mu need 3 to 5 square feet of organic fertilizer, 1.5 kilograms of nitrogen, 0.8 kilograms of phosphorus, and 1.25 kilograms of potassium per 100 kilograms of apples. According to Jia Jingxian of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, producing 2,500 kilograms of pears per acre requires 3 parts of organic fertilizer, 12 to 13 kilograms of nitrogen, 8 kilograms of phosphorus, and 10 kilograms of potassium; and 3 acres of organic fertilizer, and 17.5 to 20 kilograms of nitrogen in peaches. Phosphorus 15.2 kg, potassium 27.8 kg. The principle of applying compound fertilizer is to satisfy the minimum nutrient content, and to use nutrient supplements in excess of nutrient content. For example, if the nitrogen in the compound fertilizer is insufficient, it can be supplemented with urea. Fertilization formula (based on the production of 2,500 kilograms of fruit per acre): The amount of elemental fertilizer required / the percentage of this element in the fertilizer.
Second, fertilizer is not reasonable
Fruit trees require many elements, of which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the most important. Apple, pear, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium ratio of 1:0.5:1, peach 10:3 ~ 4:13 ~ 16 production of many fruit growers only pay attention to nitrogen and phosphorus, neglect potassium and trace elements, It is difficult to improve quality, and the size is very serious.
Ways to improve: To apply the three elements in a reasonable and scientific manner on the basis of sufficient organic manure. If there are symptoms of deficiency, they must be supplemented with organic fertilizers to supplement trace elements or sprayed on the roots. Conditional fertilization can be carried out.
Third, the period of fertilization is not scientific
Many fruit growers do not pay attention to autumn basal fertilizers, and they also pay little attention to fertilizer in stages, which directly affects the quality of fruit and yield. The advantages of autumn schistosomiasis: First, fruit trees can absorb fertilizers that are applied to reserves during the peak of root growth in autumn. The second is the use of basal fertilization in the fall. The broken roots can heal in time and have little effect on the tree vigor. The basal fertilization in the spring is the opposite, and the applied fertilizer cannot be absorbed and utilized at that time, and when the root breakage is more, the tree vigor is affected, and even the fruit set and flower bud differentiation are affected. The significance of applying fertilizer by stages is also very important. One-time fertilization will inevitably cause the waste of fertilizer and even cause the phenomenon of fertilizer damage.
Improvement methods: Generally speaking, fertilization period should pay attention to autumn basal fertilization, 60% to 80% of the phosphate fertilizer should be applied in the form of basal fertilizer, combined with a small amount of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, apply 60% of nitrogen fertilizer in spring, and the expansion period of young fruit and flower bud differentiation in summer. During the period of appropriate nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, most of the potash fertilizer should be applied 20 days before fruit enlargement and fruit coloring.
Fourth, improper use of fertilizer and watering
In the production of many fruit growers pay more attention to fertilization, but often overlook the watering work, although a lot of fertilization, but the soil is dry and can not maximize the effect of fertilizer, thus resulting in a large degree of impact on fruit production and quality.
Improvement measures: timely watering after fertilization, and timely watering whenever the soil shows a drought phenomenon. In water-deficient areas, tree cover can be used to maintain soil moisture and increase soil organic matter.