First, the shrimp protein demand According to foreign scholars Andrews and other reports published in 1972, the demand for protein in feed of South American white shrimp is 28% -32%. In 1988, Professor Guo Guangxiong of Taiwan University stated in his article “Control of Diseases and Diseases of White Shrimp†that the cultured white shrimp must use good feed and must contain high quality protein, otherwise the shrimp is susceptible to disease. In 1999, Zhanjiang Ocean University Li Guangli and others analyzed the effect of different proteins on the growth of P. vannamei and pointed out that the optimum protein level of P. vannamei was 3975%-425%. Prof. Wang Kexing of Qingdao Ocean University mentioned that the protein requirement of P. vannamei should be around 40%. Obviously, the results of these scholars' research differ greatly from those of Andrews et al. From the article published by Guo Guangxiong, it was pointed out that in order to accelerate the growth of meat and shrimp, some fresh shellfish can be fed. The shellfish contains more than 61% crude protein and contains amino acids necessary for the muscles of shrimp. Therefore, the protein content of P. vannamei should not be lower than 40% to be reasonable. Of course, there are differences in the environment and culture modes in different sea areas. In the extensive culture mode, high protein feeds are not required to be fed, and the extensive culture mainly depends on the natural biological feeds in the sea area. The artificial compound feeds are used as collocation feeds, and the amount is not much, so the requirement for protein is not so high. This shows that the results of the scholars of different regions in the same species are different. The South American white prawns imported from South China in 1998 have the advantages of rapid growth, short breeding cycle (usually three months can be harvested), and easy breeding. Some people have misunderstood that any feed can be used arbitrarily. According to the results of production practices, this is not the case. Some people used Macrobrachium rosenbergii feed to raise Penaeus vannamei. As a result, the shrimps that raise the disease are not raised or even died, which is not worth the candle. Penaeus vannamei grows fast. If there is not enough protein, shrimp cannot maintain normal life activities. Lack of protein will cause a series of physiological and biochemical barriers, endocrine disorders, vitamin function destruction, synthesis of many active substances in the organism such as choline, choline acetate, and enzyme systems will be lost, resulting in stagnant growth of shrimp, serious Causes death. It can be seen that the protein needed for P. vannamei should be higher than P. monodon, because P. vannamei has the highest meat yield. If there is not enough protein, it cannot meet its rapid growth needs. Ecuador's culture of P. vannamei is mainly based on extensive culture, and the culture time is about 150 days. Therefore, the protein requirement in the feed does not need to be so high. The shrimp can feed plankton and benthos in the ocean. For highland, semi-intensive and closed and semi-enclosed, circular ecosystem farming models, if low protein diets are not enough, it will lead to lack of nutrition and disease. According to the author's investigations in Hainan, Guangxi, Zhanjiang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Doumen, etc., the feeds used for the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei in the high-level pools in Hainan and Zhanjiang were all No. 1 and No. 2 materials of P. monodon, and the protein content of these feeds was far. Above 40%, the yield per mu is more than 8,900 kg, and the breeding period is 102 days. The production of mu for more than 700 kg only takes 92 days. In the Pearl River Delta, the cultivation of Penaeus vannamei was successful, and it was also used in the No. 2 larvae of Penaeus monodon, with a protein content of 41%. Professor Zhang Bangjie of the Dongguan Municipal Bureau of Marine Fisheries also repeatedly stressed that the protein content of the cultured Penaeus vannamei feed is about 41% to meet the needs of healthy farming. The author visited Mr. Feng, a self-employed shrimp farmer in Yokoyama Town, Doumen Town, where he reared 40 ponds of Penaeus vannamei. The feed was originally produced by a certain household. The protein content was low and the raw materials were poor. The farmed 40-day shrimp was only 5 cm in length and had Disease, shrimp shell soft, sediment pollution is serious, there are rotten tail, black sturgeon broken to be diseases. Later, when a certain brand of high-quality feed was used, the shrimp body reached 11 cm or more after 76 days of cultivation. It can be seen that the level of protein in feed is closely related to the culture of white shrimp in South America. Second, the impact of the quality of formulated feed on the pond water environment The feed quality problem is mainly whether the formulation of animal protein and plant protein in the ingredients is reasonable, and the balance of amino acids in the protein. Whether or not a series of measures such as freshness testing of raw materials and processing techniques meets the standards will have an impact on aquaculture. How to identify feed quality? 1. Identification of compound feed quality (1) The surface of particles is smooth, crack-free, uniform in size, less powder, free of impurities, musty, no antibiotics. (2) Comprehensive nutrition, protein content not less than 40%, animal protein greater than plant protein; fat content 3%-4%, crude fiber less than 4%, crude ash content less than 15%, moisture content less than 125%, calcium phosphate It's about 1:17. (3) Good stability and suitable water resistance. It should not be broken in water for 2-3 hours. The size of the crushed particles should be fine, and the particle size of the powder should all pass through a 80-mesh sieve. (4) It has a fresh and fragrant fishy smell, no strange taste, and strong attraction. (5) The feed coefficient is about 1-15. Different manufacturers of feed can be used for comparative tests, after 7-14 days can be based on the growth of shrimp to determine the merits of the feed. 2. Effect of feed quality on the water environment of the shrimp pond The shrimp pond is a small artificial ecological environment. The quality of the shrimp pond ecological environment is directly related to the effectiveness of the aquaculture. The key to optimizing the aquaculture environment is how to increase the oxygen content in the pool, maintain the stability of water quality, reduce the deterioration of water quality and the degree of sediment pollution, especially the high-level pond culture is particularly important. If poor quality feed is used, the shrimp will feel anorexia and the feed will sink in the bottom of the water and become odoriferous in the bottom layer. The bottom of the pool will turn black, and the underlying oxide layer will be reduced to lack oxygen, resulting in a large amount of harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide, which will cause the bacteria to multiply. The ecological environment of the shrimp pond was destroyed and induced shrimp disease. Therefore, the quality of feed has a direct impact on the ecological environment at the bottom of shrimp ponds. To prevent the shrimp virus syndrome, we must put a good feed off, and carefully purchase feeds that are produced by powerful manufacturers, with comprehensive nutrition and scientific formula. At present, some shrimp farmers are willing to purchase small feeds at random. These feed processing techniques are not sufficient, the raw materials are poor, the formula is not scientific, and the price is half cheaper than the famous brand manufacturers. As a result, no shrimp can be raised, or the shrimp grow slowly, individual differences are large, the meat shells are separated, the diseases are numerous, and the yield is low. The use of nutritionally comprehensive formula science and efficient high-quality feed to enhance the disease resistance of shrimp is a real problem in the current development of healthy shrimp culture. Third, the role of feed quality in aquaculture The quality of feed quality has a direct impact on the effectiveness of aquaculture. Feed quality affects the occurrence of shrimp disease in two ways: (1) Poor feed quality, shrimp does not eat or eat, and residual baits And feed dissolution is the source of pollution of shrimp pond water, directly affecting water quality, the bottom of the pool becomes black and easy to aging, smell, and indirectly affect the physiological status and immunity of shrimp. (2) Feed is the main nutrient source of shrimp. Whether feed nutrition can meet nutritional needs of shrimp will directly affect the physiological status and immunity of shrimp. Feeding high-quality and high-efficiency feed, shrimp can be easily digested and absorbed, and it can also increase resistance to disease, keep shrimp pond water quality stable, and low-grade feed can cause morbidity and provide conditions for shrimp disease. Feed nutrients and diseases The whole process of shrimp aquaculture production is from shrimp pond construction, clearing ponds, disinfection, water supply, fertilizer and water cultivation of biological basic baits, regulation of water environment, selection of seedlings, selection of high-quality and high-efficiency feed and scientific feeding, daily Production management, disease prevention and so on formed a systematic project. For this excellent species of Penaeus vannamei, a healthy culture model must be established. Under the basic conditions of seedlings and stable water quality, feed nutrition is the key, so we must purchase quality and efficient compound feed as the material basis for the entire healthy breeding. The reason is simple, but it is difficult to do it. As long as you believe in science, shrimp farming will succeed. Do not buy those manufacturers with poor strength, coupled with government management can not keep up, low-quality feed fool shrimp farmers everywhere, the victims are farmers, so the breeding of white shrimp should increase shrimp feed nutrition, improve resistance to disease in order to ensure Shrimp farming was successful. Otherwise, a low-quality feed was used. Shrimp became ill and the drugs were blindly used. The result failed. The experience of successful high-yielding shrimp farmers is worth trusting. South Sea Fisheries Research Institute Song Shengxian Shenzhen Aquatic Technology Promotion Station Zhuang Shipeng