Reasonable watering is essential for the healthy growth of chrysanthemums. Watering should be done on time and in appropriate amounts. Chrysanthemums need consistent moisture to grow well and produce large, beautiful blooms, especially when buds begin to form. In the fall, the frequency of watering should be adjusted based on local weather conditions. If it's raining, there's no need to water, while on cloudy days, less watering is required. On sunny days, more frequent watering is necessary. Always use a fine-sprinkling can to water slowly, avoiding heavy or sudden streams of water. Overwatering can lead to root rot, yellowing leaves, and even plant death.
Proper fertilization is also important for chrysanthemum care. Before applying fertilizer, make sure the soil is loose and not overly wet. It’s best to apply liquid fertilizer when the soil is slightly dry. Avoid getting fertilizer on the stems and leaves, as this can cause leaf discoloration. After fertilizing, gently spray the plants with water to rinse off any excess fertilizer that may have settled on the leaves. Starting from early October, monitor the growth of different varieties and apply a mixture of 0.1% urea and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every five days. Alternatively, you can use organic liquid fertilizers. You can also spray the plants with a diluted solution every three days. Each morning, check the leaves—if they appear pale, stiff, or show signs of wilting, it may indicate over-fertilization. If the main stem is thickening and the flower head is beginning to form, stop fertilizing to allow proper blooming.
Careful pruning helps maintain an even growth pattern and ensures strong, upright branches. Stakes made of bamboo or wooden sticks are often used to support the plants, and each branch is tied with twine. Sometimes, plants may not develop buds on time, and the growing tip continues to produce new leaves, leading to dense nodes and poor flowering—a condition known as "Liuyetou." In such cases, remove the shoots forming "willow buds" and encourage the growth of lateral buds instead. Allowing these to grow will result in an incomplete bloom. When the flower buds become translucent and the core is fully developed, remove the supports and arrange the flower heads together so they grow uniformly and avoid twisting. For weak petal varieties, you can create spiral supports at the top of the branches to enhance their appearance.
Once the flower buds open, white and green-flowered varieties should be moved to shaded areas or protected from direct sunlight to maintain their color. Otherwise, the flowers may lose their vibrancy. For dark-colored varieties, ensure they receive sufficient light and consider adding organic nutrients. Using a diluted liquor fertilizer can help enhance the richness and vibrancy of the flowers.
Pest control is crucial for autumn potted chrysanthemums. Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies, along with diseases like leaf spot, black rust, brown spot, and powdery mildew. Leaf spot can be treated with a 1% Bordeaux mixture or a 50% zine powder solution diluted to 1200 times. Apply this once a week for three weeks. For black rust, spray with a 50% thiophanate solution diluted to 1000 times (or 50% carbendazim at 800 times) once weekly for three consecutive times. Powdery mildew can be controlled with a 50% mancozeb solution diluted to 1000 times or a 0.3–0.5 degree lime sulfur mixture. Aphids can be managed using 40% omethoate diluted to 2000 times or 2040% chrysanthemum emulsion at the same concentration. Regular monitoring and timely treatment are key to keeping your chrysanthemums healthy and vibrant throughout the season.
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