Reasonable watering is essential for the healthy growth of chrysanthemums. Watering should be done at the right time and in the right amount. Chrysanthemums require consistent moisture, especially when buds begin to form. In the fall, the frequency of watering should be adjusted based on local weather conditions. If it's raining, there's no need to water; on cloudy days, less water is needed, while on sunny days, more frequent watering is required. Always use a fine-spray watering can and avoid pouring water directly with high pressure. Overwatering can lead to root rot, yellowing leaves, and even plant death.
Appropriate fertilization is also crucial. Before applying fertilizer, make sure the soil is loose and not overly wet. Fertilizer should be applied when the soil is dry, and avoid getting it on the leaves or stems, as this can cause leaf burn. After fertilizing, gently spray the plants with water to wash off any residue on the foliage. Starting from early October, monitor the growth of different varieties and apply a solution of 0.1% urea and 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every five days. Alternatively, organic liquid fertilizers can be used. Evening sprays with the same mixture can be applied every three days. Check the leaves daily; if they appear stiff, pale, or have widened veins, it may indicate nutrient deficiency. Also, observe the plant’s main stem—if the thickest point is between the first and second leaf node, it’s time to stop fertilizing to encourage blooming.
Careful pruning helps maintain an even growth pattern and strong branches. Stakes made of bamboo or wooden poles are often used to support the plant, and each branch is tied individually. Sometimes, plants may not show buds until the flowering stage, and new leaves continue to grow, leading to dense nodes and poor bud development—a condition known as "Liuyetou." In such cases, remove the weak shoots and allow the lower lateral buds to develop instead. Leaving them unchecked will result in uneven flowers. When flower buds become translucent and fully developed, remove the supports and arrange the blooms closely so that the shape is neat and uniform, avoiding twisting or misalignment. For varieties with delicate petals, you can add spiral supports at the top of the branches to enhance their appearance.
Once the flower buds open, white and green-flowered varieties should be moved to shaded areas or protected from direct sunlight to preserve their color. Otherwise, the colors may fade or appear unnatural. Dark-colored flowers, on the other hand, require more light and additional nutrients. Using organic liquid fertilizers can enhance the vibrancy of the blooms.
Pest control is important during the autumn season when potted chrysanthemums are more susceptible to diseases. Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies, while diseases like leaf spot, black rust, brown spot, and powdery mildew can also occur. Leaf spot can be treated with a 1% Bordeaux mixture or a 50% zineb powder diluted in 1200 times water, sprayed once a week for three weeks. Black rust can be managed with a 50% thiophanate methyl solution diluted 1000 times or 50% carbendazim diluted 800 times, applied weekly for three applications. For powdery mildew, spraying a 50% mancozeb solution diluted 1000 times or a 0.3–0.5 degree lime sulfur mixture is effective. Aphids can be controlled by spraying 40% omethoate diluted 2000 times or 20% chrysanthemum emulsion diluted 2000 times.
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