The growth stages of azuki beans can be divided into the early growth phase, which occurs before flowering or during vegetative development, and the later growth phase, also known as the reproductive stage, which begins after flowering. During the early growth period, the primary focus of field management is to ensure strong seedling establishment and promote healthy plant development. This includes thinning out weak or diseased seedlings, removing weeds, and maintaining good soil aeration to support root nodulation. It's also crucial to control pests such as locusts and spider mites, while managing irrigation and drainage to maintain optimal soil moisture levels. All these practices aim to encourage branching and the formation of flower buds.
In the later growth phase, the emphasis shifts toward nutrient management, particularly applying small amounts of available nitrogen fertilizer to support continued growth. Maintaining consistent soil moisture is essential to prevent drought stress, which can negatively affect pod development. Farmers must remain vigilant against common diseases like soybean meal, spider mites, rust, and powdery mildew. Ensuring that the plants flower abundantly and produce a high number of pods with well-filled grains is the ultimate goal during this stage.
1. Seedling Thinning and Establishment
During the early seedling stage, once the first compound leaves appear, it's time to begin thinning. Weak, diseased, or overcrowded seedlings should be removed, along with any weeds. After the second compound leaf unfolds, the seedlings are more established. At this point, it's important to check for gaps in the planting and fill them if necessary. This ensures uniform growth and better resource utilization.
2. Cultivation and Weeding
Azuki beans typically require 2 to 3 rounds of cultivation before the rows close. The first pass is shallow, followed by deeper tilling. Cultivation not only helps control weeds but also aerates the soil, promoting healthy root development. On sunny days or during dry periods, the soil surface should be kept clean, and after cultivation, large clods should be broken up and leveled to prevent erosion. However, cultivation should be avoided immediately after heavy rain. Instead, farmers should wait for the right time to till the soil. When waterlogging is an issue, avoid breaking up large clods to prevent compaction. The principle of cultivation is to work shallow near the seedlings and deeper away from them. Deep cultivation near the roots can help control excessive growth, while shallow tilling can stimulate stronger development when seedlings are weak. Throughout the process, care should be taken to avoid damaging the roots, and cultivation should stop after flowering to prevent unnecessary disturbance.
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