Azuki bean growth can be divided into two main stages: the early growth phase, which occurs before flowering and vegetative development, and the later growth phase, also known as the reproductive stage, which begins after flowering. During the early growth period, the primary focus of field management is to ensure healthy seedling establishment and promote vigorous growth. This includes thinning weak or diseased plants, removing weeds, and maintaining soil aeration to support root nodulation. It’s also important to control pests like locusts and spider mites, while managing irrigation and drainage to maintain optimal soil moisture levels. These practices help encourage branching and the formation of flower buds.
In the later growth stage, the emphasis shifts toward nutrient management, particularly applying small amounts of available nitrogen to support pod development. Maintaining consistent soil moisture is crucial to avoid drought stress, and monitoring for diseases such as soybean rust, powdery mildew, and pests like spider mites becomes essential. Proper care during this time ensures more flowers, more pods, and better grain fill, leading to higher yields and improved quality.
1. Seedling Thinning and Management
During the early seedling stage, once the first compound leaves appear, it's time to start thinning. Remove weak, diseased, or overcrowded seedlings along with weeds to allow stronger plants to thrive. After the second set of compound leaves unfolds, the seedlings are more established. At this point, check for any missing plants and perform replanting if necessary. This helps ensure uniform growth across the field.
2. Cultivation and Weeding
Azuki beans typically require 2 to 3 rounds of cultivation before the rows close. The process starts with shallow tilling and gradually deepens as the plants grow. Cultivation not only controls weeds but also aerates the soil, promoting healthy root development. It’s important to cultivate on sunny days when the soil is dry, breaking up clods and leveling the surface to prevent erosion. However, avoid cultivating immediately after heavy rain; instead, wait for the right time to work the soil. When cultivating, keep the tines shallow near the seedlings to avoid damaging roots, and deeper in the middle areas to control weed growth. If seedlings are weak, deeper tilling can stimulate growth, while shallow tilling can help control excessive growth. Stop cultivating after flowering to avoid disturbing the developing pods.
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