Pollution-free aquaculture is a systematic and scientifically managed process that ensures the environment, production methods, and final products meet national standards for safety and sustainability. Certified pollution-free aquatic products carry the official logo, indicating they have met strict requirements. This includes water quality that adheres to the "Non-polluting Food Freshwater Aquaculture Water Quality" standard (NY5051), as well as soil conditions that comply with "Non-hazardous Aquatic Product Origin Environment." Proper water space, controlled stocking density, and effective disease prevention measures are essential. All operations must be conducted in a way that minimizes environmental impact, ensuring high-quality, non-toxic, and sustainable aquatic produce.
Choosing the right breeding environment is crucial. The location should have clean air, a reliable and uncontaminated water source, good drainage, and convenient transportation. It's important to avoid areas near paper mills, breweries, food processing plants, or textile factories that may pollute the area. In agriculture, the use of synthetic pesticides, veterinary drugs, fertilizers, and feed additives should be limited in quantity, variety, and timing. Farm films should be properly reclaimed. For daily life, using eco-friendly detergents and saving water can significantly reduce pollution.
Pond cleaning and disinfection are key steps in maintaining a pollution-free system. This involves removing excess sludge, exposing the pond bottom for at least 20 days to allow organic matter to decompose, and eliminating predator organisms. Applying lime or microbial preparations helps disinfect the pond and improve its overall health.
Regulating water quality is another critical aspect. Water can be affected by feeding, fertilization, pesticide use, and waste from farmed species. Using lime, herbal remedies, or beneficial bacteria like Bacillus and EM helps maintain a balanced ecosystem. Algae control, pH adjustment, and proper fertilization contribute to a cleaner, healthier aquatic environment.
Selecting quality seedlings is essential for successful aquaculture. Common species include grass carp, silver carp, and mussels, while higher-value species such as tilapia, catfish, and shrimp are also popular. Choosing the right seed depends on technical knowledge, market demand, and local conditions.
Stocking fish appropriately is vital for efficient and healthy aquaculture. Stocking density varies depending on the pond's size and water quality. For example, in thin ponds, around 300 fish per acre might include 180 grass carp, 75 common carp, and smaller numbers of other species. In more productive ponds, different combinations are used to maximize yield without overstocking.
Feeding practices must be scientific and hygienic. Feed should be fresh, safe, and meet hygiene standards. The amount and frequency of feeding depend on weather, water quality, and fish behavior. Fish feed should be consumed within two hours, while shrimp feed should last 4–6 hours. Following the "Four Principles" ensures optimal feeding.
Daily management involves regular monitoring of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH. Aeration systems help maintain oxygen levels above 5 mg/L, while timely water changes ensure a clean and stable environment.
Disease prevention is a top priority. Creating a healthy ecosystem through disinfection, water treatment, and natural methods like herbal remedies reduces the risk of outbreaks. Early detection and proper treatment are essential. Medication should follow guidelines to minimize residues, avoiding antibiotics in favor of safer alternatives like herbal treatments or biological agents.
Medication should be applied correctly, either through bait, immersion, or direct application. Dosage and timing must strictly adhere to regulations. The withdrawal period before harvest is critical—drugs like bleaching powder require 15 days, while others like oxytetracycline need up to 21 days to ensure no harmful residues remain.
By following these practices, aquaculture can be both environmentally friendly and economically viable, producing safe, high-quality aquatic products for consumers.
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