Look at the tree
Before cutting the tree, the fruit grower must have a tangible heart for each apple tree to be cut, which is to determine the shape of the tree according to the number of main branches retained. At present, there are three popular tree shapes in the fruit area, namely the elongated spindle shape, the free spindle shape and the small crown open heart shape.
For a tree whose main branches are kept at about 20, it is determined that the tree is shaped and pruned according to the elongated spindle shape (that is, the main trunk shape); for a tree whose main branches are kept at about 10, it is determined that the tree body is in a free spindle shape Plastic pruning; for the tree whose main branches are kept at about 5, it is determined that the tree body is pruned according to the small crown and open-heart shape.
Look at the tree
Before cutting the tree, have power in your eyes. The main basis for determining tree vigor is the proportion of the number of new shoots, medium and short branches that year. For a high-yield tree, the ratio of long, medium, and short branches is 1:2:7; if the long branches exceed 10% to 15%, then the vigor of the tree is a vigorous tree.
Prosperous trees can be divided into two types: strong trees and virtual prosperous trees. The establishment of these two types of tree vigor is mainly to observe the length of the spring and autumn shoots of the year. In production, most fruit growers saw the flourishing trees (full trees with long branches) during the winter cutting, and seemed to feel that there was a job, and the branches were sparse. As a result, they cut a field in winter and full branches in the following year. A vicious circle; and for the winter pruning of the fragrant tree, you must be determined to remove some useless branches, carefully thin out the weak fruit branches and dense branches, reduce the growth points, concentrate the nutrients on the remaining branches, and the tree body will gradually become strong.
Look at the amount of flowers
When pruning a tree in winter, first observe whether the tree will be a big year or a small year next year.
For the trees that are in the "small year" in the coming year, most fruit farmers remove too much branches during winter cutting. They think that there will be no fruit next year, but they don't know that the consequences of such pruning will cause the tree to grow long in the coming year. Therefore, it is a "small year" for the coming year. The tree should be lightly cut (ie, divide the situation), especially when lifting and dropping the head, be careful, and it is forbidden to remove large branches on the "small year" tree.
For the moderate or weak trees that are the "big year" in the coming year, raising and lowering the stem can be done at the same time, and the branches that should be removed are resolutely removed; for the partially prosperous trees that are the "big year" in the coming year, the only way to drop and raise the stem can be done. Half; for trees with small flowers and weak tree vigor, not only need to remove the extra large branches, but also can be machined.
Watch the scenery
As the saying goes, (fruit trees) cannot form flowers without wind, and bear fruit without light. For the orchard in the densely enclosed orchard, it can be solved gradually by thinning; and for the tree with severely poor individual light, it can be solved by gradually reducing the number of main branches or small branches. In short, through winter pruning, the tree body must finally open its chest to welcome the sun, so that the branches and branches will see the light and the fruits will shine in the sun.
Look at tree age
When pruning, the pruning idea should be determined according to the age of the tree. For small trees, use the "divisional" pruning method. Keeping more main branches is actually a kind of "divisional" pruning method. If the number of main branches is large, the nutrient amount allocated to each main branch of the tree is bound to decrease. In addition, when the saplings are reshaped, the two branches are opened. It is impossible to extend the lateral branches. For large trees, if they want to bear fruit year after year, they must have sufficient light. With the premise of ventilation and light, the tree The body can produce sufficient organic nutrients to produce flowers through the photosynthesis of the leaves; for aging trees, if they want to bear fruit year after year, the problem of branch group renewal must be solved.
See fat water
When pruning in winter, you must pay attention to the fertilizer and water conditions in the orchard, and the pruning plan should be formulated according to the application of base fertilizer in the orchard. For example, the fruit area with incomplete water conservancy facilities basically relies on natural rainfall every year. For this kind of fruit trees, pruning should be done properly, and the pruning response is not obvious; for good water conservancy conditions, flooding with floods throughout the year, if the pruning is carried out in arid areas, it will inevitably cause the trees to bloom in the coming year. . For trees with excessive nitrogen fertilizer applied in autumn when basal fertilizer is applied, pruning must be appropriate "divisional" light pruning.
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