On November 11, in front of a farmhouse in Gaoqiao Village, Lizhuang Town, Cuiping District, Yibin City, the reporter saw several white flowers blooming on the branches of a plum tree (pictured). But at this time there are still a few months before the plum trees bloom in early spring!
How is this going? In this regard, the reporter consulted relevant experts. Experts say this is caused by the negligence of fruit trees. It is not good for fruit trees to bloom in autumn, and experts have proposed countermeasures.
The beautiful branches of plum blossoms in autumn and winter are not kept up by management
The plum tree in Gaoqiao Village has been blooming for several days. In the eyes of "melon-eating people", the plum tree blooms very strangely in autumn and winter.
“This is caused by the persistent malnutrition of deciduous trees during the growth period, premature defoliation, and entering the dormant period early.†Yang Jinsong, a member of the Party Committee of the Cuiping District Agriculture and Rural Bureau, who has been a fruit technician for many years, explained, “The climate in Yibin, southern Sichuan, Autumn is low and rainy. From the end of October to November, there is a period of'Xiaoyangchun' climate where the temperature rises. The dormant flower buds mistakenly think that when spring comes again, plum blossoms will open in advance. Early blooming indicates that the plum trees are not managed well Well, it will affect the output."
"This is fruit trees blooming in autumn!" Liu Jia, a plum expert and associate researcher from the Institute of Horticulture of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pointed out that the blooming of autumn flowers in fruit trees is often called "second flowering", that is, the phenomenon that the flower buds that were differentiated that year opened up in the fall of that year. The second flowering can also result in pollination and fertilization, but the season is late, the temperature is not enough, the fruit cannot mature normally, and it has no commercial value. The phenomenon of autumn flowers is more serious on pear trees, but not common on plum trees.
Liu Jia introduced that early deciduous leaves are the main cause of autumn flowers, because early deciduous formation stresses the tree, and re-flowering and shoots are a physiological protective response to stress. The main and most direct cause of early leaf fall is leaf disease. Plums are mainly mites (red spiders, yellow spiders), red spot disease, bacterial perforation, etc. In addition, the yield of the year and the management level of the orchard also had a great impact on the early leaf fall. These factors mainly acted on the tree vigor, soil, and moisture.
Multi-pronged approach to prevent autumn flowers and autumn management is the key
Liu Jia pointed out that the autumn flowers of plum trees (fruit trees) will deplete the nutrients stored in the tree body, reduce nutrient return and accumulation, and cause the tree body to grow slowly due to insufficient nutrients in the coming year. Those who have bloomed autumn flowers will not be able to breed new buds. Even if a small amount of new buds are formed, they are also leaf buds, so the amount of flower buds in the following year is significantly reduced. In general, the blooming of autumn flowers will adversely affect the tree vigor, yield and quality in the coming year.
Liu Jia suggested the following prevention measures (also applicable to other fruit trees)——
One is to strengthen the prevention and control of diseases and insects, protect the leaves and prevent the leaves from falling off early. Strengthen drainage in the rainy season to prevent the accumulation of water in the field, swelling and damage to the roots and causing falling leaves, especially after harvesting, we must continue to spray to prevent the occurrence of leaf diseases and insect pests.
The second is scientific fertilizer and water management to enhance tree vigor and improve tree resistance. As the saying goes, "frail and sickly", trees are like people. When the soil is insufficient, they will not have enough to eat and sleep well. When the tree body becomes weak, disease resistance will decrease. Compared with the same species in the same period, weak trees have heavier deciduous leaves and are easier to bloom in autumn. Therefore, we must pay attention to conventional fertilizer and water management to improve soil fertility, especially timely fertilization before and after fruit picking, to supplement the nutrient elements taken away by the fruit. Many fruit farmers mistakenly believe that the management of the year has been completed after the fruit is picked. In fact, the management of plum trees in the autumn after harvest is quite critical, which directly affects the output of the next year. Ignoring autumn management can easily lead to early leaf fall of plum trees, and early fall of leaves can easily bloom autumn flowers.
The third is reasonable load and improve the light. If the yield is too high, the nutrient of the tree will be excessively consumed. Harvesting the fruit in batches during fruit picking can balance the nutrient balance of the tree and prevent the plum tree from consuming a large amount of nutrients and causing falling leaves. At the same time, pay attention to summer pruning can improve the ventilation and light conditions, and avoid providing conditions for the occurrence of pests and diseases due to shade.
Sporadic autumn flowers are not a major problem, large areas of autumn flowers need remedy
Liu Jia believes that if the plum tree (fruit tree) blooms in a small amount of autumn flowers, the following measures should be taken to remedy it if it blooms in a large area.
One is to pick flowers and shoots in time. For plum trees that have bloomed in autumn, the autumn flowers should be removed in time, and the branches that have bloomed branches should be cut off.
The second is light cut in winter. Pruning should be combined with autumn and winter pruning. When cutting off the branches of the autumn flowers, pay attention to if there are still flower buds that have not sprouted. Even on the flower branches, as long as there are ungerminated flower buds, pay attention to keep them. Keep flower buds as much as possible, and pruning should not be too heavy to prevent a large number of long branches.
The third is to fertilize in time. Apply farmyard manure in time to flowering plum trees, especially early application of potash fertilizer. Farmyard manure should be applied after flowering, which is beneficial to restore tree vigor, improve the storage nutrient level of plum trees, the quality of flower buds and the fullness of branches, and enhance the cold resistance of the tree.
The fourth is to preserve flowers and fruits during flowering. During the flowering period, methods such as putting bees in the orchard, artificial pollination, and spraying boric acid are used to increase the fruit setting rate.
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