Rapid development◥＞
Urgent need for good varieties and standardization
As one of the most suitable ecological regions for the development of late-maturing citrus in my country, Sichuan has obvious advantages in planting. According to Professor Wang Zhihui, deputy dean and professor of the College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan’s total area of ​​citrus is currently 4.85 million mu, with an output of 4.55 million tons, and its industrial scale ranks among the top five in the country. Among them, the area of ​​late-ripening citrus is 2.3 million mu, accounting for the total area of ​​citrus in the province. 47.4%, is the country's most popular late-maturing citrus development zone.
While the industry is developing rapidly, problems such as old orchards and uneven management levels still exist. Wang Zhihui believes that in order to promote the healthy development of the citrus industry, it is the key to accelerate the introduction and breeding of fine varieties suitable for this region. At the same time, vigorously promote virus-free seedlings and container seedlings, and speed up regional trials of high-quality new varieties should keep up.
Sichuan has a long history of citrus planting and there are many old orchards. It is particularly important to speed up the construction of standardized bases. Wang Zhihui pointed out that the newly-built base can adopt the standard planting spacing of 3×5 meters or 4×5 meters to build orchards, and the old orchards should be densely modified to facilitate mechanized operations; the quality of cultivated land can be improved to increase soil organic matter; a complete foundation Facilities are equipped to enhance the modernization level of the orchard.
Scientific freeze prevention◥＞
Pay attention to the bagging time
Frost is the main problem hindering the safe overwintering of Meishan citrus. According to Ma Jianying, a professor at Meishan Vocational and Technical College, when the temperature is as low as 2-3°C, citrus will suffer from freezing damage. January is the period when citrus freeze damage is high. Orchards that are usually located in low-lying areas or at the junction of mountainous areas and plains are more prone to freeze damage. In Sichuan, frost is generally prone to occur between 4 and 5 in the morning, so it is better to have a campfire in the middle of the garden at around 12 in the morning to reduce the occurrence of frost damage.
"Bagging and mulching are commonly used methods for preventing freezing damage by fruit farmers, but no matter what method is used, time should be strictly observed." Ma Jianying emphasized that many people think that bagging is for heat preservation, but waterproofing is actually more important. Generally, the validity period of the bag is 3 months. For late-ripening citrus, the freezing injury occurs after December. In order to make the paper bag play its best role, the bagging time should not be too early, and the bagging should be completed before the end of November. The bag is most suitable.
Citrus covering non-woven fabrics are one of the main means for fruit farmers to prevent freezing damage in orchards, and are currently more and more widely used. However, as far as most non-woven fabrics on the market are concerned, although their waterproof and breathable effects are good, their light transmission effects are slightly insufficient. Late-maturing citrus flower bud differentiation and color conversion and sugar increase are mostly concentrated in September to November, and there is a high demand for light. Therefore, it is most suitable to cover non-woven fabrics in early December.
"Fruit bagging should be double-layered, the first layer is a translucent paper bag, and the second layer is a newspaper bag." Wang Zhihui added that reflective film can be laid on the orchard floor to increase the soil temperature; at the same time, fruit farmers should spray plants on the fruits in advance Cold-resistant antifreeze.
Calcium supplementation with raw grass◥＞
Significantly improve the quality of citrus
Wang Zhihui introduced that the selection of appropriate grass treatments can effectively increase soil organic matter, adjust soil pH, promote the growth and development of late-maturing citrus, and improve fruit quality, yield and safety.
In terms of fertilization, Wang Zhihui suggested that fruit farmers should calculate the amount of fertilizer required for the year based on the soil background value, fertilize 4-5 times a year, and apply liquid fertilizer once every half month; apply solid organic fertilizer once a year after fruit picking. Ditching and mixing soil and fertilizer.
In order to improve the quality and taste of citrus, fruit farmers can use calcium treatment or spermidine treatment to reduce the degree of fruit granulation. According to Wang Zhihui, spraying calcium on the leaves and fruit surfaces can increase the calcium content in the leaves, peel and pulp of citrus after ripening, effectively regulate the enzyme activity of the antioxidant protection system of the fruit, and enhance the active oxygen scavenging capacity of citrus fruits.
"Frost damage and cracking of citrus fruits are actually related to the lack of nutrient elements." Ma Jianying added that attention to the four elements of boron, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus during planting can significantly enhance the stress resistance of citrus and increase the yield of citrus. Reduce the occurrence of cracked and oily fruit.
Bagging is one of the common methods to prevent freezing damage during the planting of late-maturing citrus.
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