1, the preparation of silage facilities. Silage facilities include silos, silage towers, silages, etc. Silage tanks are the most commonly used. The silo should be built in a place with high terrain, hard soil, close to the barn, away from the water source and pit, and should be firm, airtight, and watertight. The interior should be smooth and flat with a narrow width above the bottom. The bottom must be more than 0.5 meters above the ground water level to prevent groundwater seepage. Silage tanks are generally divided into three types: ground, semi-underground and underground.
2, the choice of harvest time. The whole plant corn silage has the highest nutritive value, and should be stored during the period from corn growth to milk ripening and wax ripening, that is, 15 to 20 days before corn is harvested; corn straw silage should be harvested immediately after the maturity of corn to ensure more Green leaf. If the harvesting time is too late, open storage will result in a decrease in sugar content, moisture loss, rot of the straw, and ultimately a decline in the quality and success rate of the silage.
3, chopped corn stalks. In order to ensure the formation of an oxygen-free environment, corn stalks must be chopped and the length should be 2 to 3 cm. Small-scale silos can be manually smashed; large silos must be minced with a chopper; corn whole plant silage, the best conditions for the use of large silage combine harvester directly to the corn field harvest.
4, corn stalk filling. When filling, it is necessary to concentrate manpower and equipment to minimize the exposure time of raw materials in the air. The faster the filling, the better. The small pool should be completed within 1 day, the medium-sized pool is 2-3 days, and the large-scale pool is 3-6 days. Before filling, clean the silo first. Fill the bottom of the tank with a layer of 10-15 cm thick chopped straw or soft grass so as to absorb the juice from the upper step. The large silo is installed from one end, pushed with a bulldozer, and gradually pushed toward the other end to a height of about 1 meter above the pool; the small silo is filled from the bottom to the top, each filled with 30 cm of artificial one time , has been filled with silos and about 70 cm above the pool. The compactness of silage should be appropriate, and the sinking of feed should not exceed 8-10% of the depth after completion of fermentation. When filling, properly adding 0.5% urea and 0.3% salt, can significantly increase its nutritional value.
5. Sealing pool of straw silage: When filling 30 cm from the pool, put plastic film on the pool wall to seal the pool. If silage corn is harvested in time, most of them are green leaves, and about 60% of water content is not necessary to add water; if yellow leaves account for more than half, water should be added, and the amount of water added is generally 10-15%, while adding side loading to ensure the mixing of water and raw materials. Uniform. After the silo is full, the top of the pool is covered with a plastic film, and then the wet soil is pressed to 20-30 cm. The covered soil is piled up to make it easier to drain.
6. Management after sealing the pool: 1 Dig a drainage ditch about 1 meter from the silo to prevent rainwater from seeping into the pool. 2 After entering the lactic acid fermentation stage 5-6 days after storage, the silage is dehydrated and softened. When the seal is collapsed or collapsed, it should be replenished promptly to prevent leakage of water. 3 Prevent trampling of livestock, prevent rats, and ensure the quality of silage.
7. Access to silage: Corn silage is fermented after about one month and can be opened for use. High-quality silage is greenish or yellow-brown, with a savory scent, soft and moist texture, can see the veins and villi on the stems and leaves, and is a quality roughage for cattle, sheep and other grass-eating livestock. When taking silage, it must start from the end of the silo, according to a certain thickness, layered from top to bottom, to prevent mixing of the soil, should not be dig from a hole. It is advisable to take the amount of each day for feeding one day. After the silage is taken out, the silo pool opening must be closed immediately to prevent deterioration of the silage due to prolonged contact with air.
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