The recent hot weather that keeps on reclaiming not only makes people susceptible to heat stroke, but also affects the normal growth and development of vegetables, causing so-called “heat strokeâ€, that is, high-temperature heat damage.
First, the impact of high temperature on the growth and development of vegetables
The effects of high temperature on the growth and development of vegetables are many, usually manifested as slow growth of plants; poor flower bud differentiation, pollination and fertilization are affected, fruit drop, fruit drop and abnormal fruit increase; fruits and vegetables are prone to sunburn, the disease department is hot sun Grayish white or light white leathery texture, tissue necrosis hard, later often due to saprophytic infection and rot. Different crops have different tolerances to high temperature. According to experimental observations, when cucumbers are exposed to high temperatures above 30°C, the pollen germination rate decreases, pollen tube elongation is inhibited, and pollen germination rate is less than 1/3 at 35°C for 10 hours, 40°C. After 2 hours, it basically cannot germinate; if it lasts for 3 hours at 45°C, the leaf color becomes lighter, the male flower does not open, and the deformed fruit appears. When tomato meets the high temperature of 30°C, it will reduce the photosynthetic intensity, it will bloom at 35°C and the result will be inhibited. When it is above 40°C, it will cause a large number of flowers and fruit to fall off, and the longer the duration, the more serious the fruit and fruit fall off. When it is mature, high temperatures above 30°C are encountered, lycopene formation is slowed down, lycopene exceeding 35°C is difficult to form, and green, yellow, and red variegated fruit appear on the surface. Under the high temperature of 30°C～35°C, the flower buds of the bean were stopped and the flowering was reduced. When the potato was exposed to a high temperature of 26.7°C to 29.4°C, tubers stopped expanding.
Second, defense measures
1. Select heat-resistant varieties such as tomato powder 802, new L402, cherry tomatoes can be used Saint, Asian vegetables, and so on.
2. To improve the cultivation and management methods in order to achieve close planting, so that the stems and leaves are mutually shaded. Intercropping with high-stalk crops, using high-stalk crops to shade vegetables. When the tomatoes are pruned over the summer, leave 2 to 3 leaves on the top layer to protect from sunscreen. After cabbage, broccoli, etc. are picked up, the peripheral leaves of the cabbage and broccoli are removed and covered on the leaf ball to avoid direct sunlight. After the cucurbit crops are covered, the upper side of the grass can be covered and the bottom pad can be used to prevent sunburn and rotten melon.
3. With water cooling summer and autumn high temperature season, timely irrigation can improve the microclimate conditions in the field, so that the temperature decreases by 1 °C ~ 3 °C, thereby reducing the direct damage of high temperature on flower organs and photosynthetic organs. After the “hot shower†at noon, timely cooling with string water in the wells can improve soil air conditions in the vegetable field, enhance root activity, and prevent vegetable seedlings.
4. Top-dressing in the hot season, with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, superphosphate and grass ash leaching solution, Tianda 2116 solution for a number of consecutive foliar spray, both conducive to cooling and humidification, but also to supplement the growth and development of vegetables The moisture and nutrition, but must be sprayed to reduce the spray concentration, increase water consumption. In addition, sweet pepper sprayed with 30PPm p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid solution has a certain control effect on falling flowers caused by high temperature; tomato spray 2000 ~ 3000PPm than long (B9) solution, 0.1% zinc sulfate or copper sulfate solution, can increase the plant's Heat resistance, enhanced anti-cracking, anti-sunburn ability, with 2,4-D dipping or flowering, can prevent high temperature falling and promote ovary enlargement.
5. Artificial shading A simple shading shed is set up above the vegetable field, covered with branches or crop stalks, covering a sparse shade, which can reduce the temperature by 3°C to 4°C. The vegetables cultivated in plastic greenhouses cover shading nets in summer and autumn to reduce the temperature, and the cooling effect can reach 4°C to 6°C. It can also prevent heavy rain, hail and locust from directly harming vegetables.
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