It is an important mariculture species in China. In recent years, the author has carried out research on the technique of hanging-up cultivation in the wrinkle-hulled Baohai area in Nanri island, Putian county, Fujian province, and has achieved satisfactory results. It has played an exemplary role in raising the abalone in the south of China. The technical regulations are summarized as follows, for the reference of the sea area raising the abalone.
First, the sea area choice
1. The growth temperature of abalone with water depth, discus abalone, Japanese abalone, and hybrid abalone is 8°C-28°C, and the optimum water temperature is 15°C-24°C. The water depth is shallow and summer is susceptible to high temperature. Therefore, the water depth of Baohai District should not be raised. Less than 4m.
2. The water flow is smooth and the waves are small. It is best to have a reciprocating bay and surrounded by sea areas with cultured kelp and seaweed. The tilt angle of the sling of the breeding box and the truss plane is ≤ 45 degrees at the maximum flow rate.
3. The environment is free of industrial and agricultural pollution, and the water quality is fresh. The seaweed (seaweed and seaweed) are rich in resources and convenient in origin. They are not affected by typhoons.
4. The pH of the water is between 7.8-8.2, dissolved oxygen ≥ 4mg/L, NH-N ≤ 80mg/square meters, annual weight is between 1.018-1.024, transparency is kept at 1 for most of the time .0m or more.
Second, facilities equipment
1. The truss mimics the truss of the fish cage in the southern cage. The trusses have a length and width of 18.0m (7.5m), and they are made of green eucalyptus or pine wood. The 75kg class foam floats are used for buoyancy, and 24 to 26 units are used in each. Each station is divided into 10 compartments, each cell has a size of 3m 3m, and four bamboo or firs with a length of 3.5m are used as hanger rods with a pitch of 60cm.
2. The truss is set to connect every 4 stations to a zone, set downstream, with anchors fixed around each zone, and the anchor rope is 2500 filaments and 3 strands of twisted PVC rope. A space of 80~m is reserved between the station and the station, and the distance between the area and the area is maintained between 20m and 30m.
3. The breeding box plastic special rectangular box, specifications for 40cm 30cm 12cm. The recently produced aquaculture tank was changed to an elliptical shape with an area of ​​approximately 0.18 m2, which is more suitable for use in the sea area. The hole size of the water hole in the breeding box is 0.5cm, 1.0cm, and 1.2cm, respectively, depending on the seed size. Each 5 boxes are stacked and suspended. The hanging rope is 1.0m to 1.5m long, and the hanging distance is 50cm. The weight of the bottom box rock is 2.5kg to 3.0kg.
4. In order to prevent the loss of the protection network, in the typhoon season, a protection net is made of a mesh of 5 cm to 8 cm in mesh size and 3 m 3 m to 4 m in mesh size.
5. Special tool tip steel pliers hand, used to remove attachments on the body. The stainless steel spatula has a hand for splitting the tightly-absorbed abalone. Rectangular rectangular red bucket, specifications 160kg, 200kg, used for the classification and local medicine bath when divided.
Third, seed selection
1. Varieties At present, the main species for breeding are Haliotis discus hannai, Japanese plateau abalone and hybrid abalone. In particular, the economic traits exhibited by hybrid abalone are the best and should be selected.
2. In the autumn, when the shell length is longer than 1.5cm, the water temperature in the sea area is appropriate, and the suitable growth period is long enough to shorten the breeding cycle.
3. The whole batch of strong seedlings for the purchase of strong seedlings is long and neat, sensitive to light, nocturnal, agile, bright and fresh, and fast.
4. Bao Miao's Sea
1. Young abalone stripping using artificial feel peeling, operation should be determined according to the severity of the way, to prevent forced stripping, so as to avoid artificial mechanical damage. Do not use alcohol stripping.
2. The temperature is controlled between 10°C and 12°C. The transportation time is controlled within 16 hours. The volume of seedling per box is 2cm or so. More than 30,000 seedlings; seedlings with a shell length of about 1.5 cm do not exceed 50,000 seedlings.
3. After packing in the sea to reach the culture area, the seedling box is opened first, ice cubes are taken out, the temperature inside the box is naturally restored to be close to the temperature, and then the bath is bathed with chloramphenicol at a concentration of 50 mg/L for 10 minutes. Each nursery box has a seedling density of 150-200.
Fifth, adjust the breeding density
1. The seedling water temperature is below 18°C ​​at the proper time, and the seedlings are started when the shell is longer than 3.0cm, usually in late autumn or early spring.
2. Density is categorized according to the individual size of the abalone to prevent growth polarization. The seedlings with 2.5cm, 3.0cm, and 3.5cm shells are packed in 35, 30, and 25 boxes per box. If oval boxes are used, 45, 35, and 30 boxes per box can be stored. only.
3. The place of operation is on the truss. Plasters are laid on the truss and are easy to operate. The area is around 10 m2.
4. The operation time is carried out in the morning and evening, using the characteristics of abalone, darkness and nocturnal emission, allowing it to peel off after natural crawling to reduce damage. Very tight adsorption, can be used to open the tongue spatula.
5. Remove attachments Use sharp-tipped steel pliers to remove attachments such as oysters and barnacles, and combine a 50mg/L concentration of chloramphenicol with a 10 min medicinal bath to prevent infection.
Sixth, daily management
1. Types of bait The bait that feeds on the bait is mainly seaweed and seaweed. After the seaweed season, dried seaweed can be used as the dry product.
2. The amount of bait to be fed depends on the season and the condition of the bait, and it is based on the principle that no rotting occurs. In summer and autumn, they were fed 1 to 3 days, and in winter and spring, they were fed 5 to 7 days.
3. Sludge washing Each time combined with feeding, cleaning is performed to remove the algae and sludge deposited on the breeding tank.
4. In the summer of clearing dead abalone, individual deaths occurred when the length of the shell was more than 50 mm. They should be picked up from the rearing tanks in time, packed in special barrels, brought back to the land for treatment, and should not be directly thrown into the cultured sea areas.
5. The typhoon threw a safety check. The tightness of the lashing ropes should be checked and the trusses reinforced to ensure safety. At the same time, it is protected with a protective net to prevent the loss of the sling.
VII. Disease Prevention
1. Disease prevention prevents water pollution in the sea area. In special hot seasons, we must ensure good water quality in the sea area. Pay attention to food hygiene and keep the bait fresh. Feed dry products should be cleaned first, then sterilized with 25mg/L chloramphenicol for 30 minutes after feeding. It was found that the mortality rate exceeded 0.3% per thousand, indicating that an abnormal phenomenon has occurred. Attention should be paid to checking and analyzing the cause of death. If the duration lasts more than 7 days and the degree of death has a serious development trend, it indicates that the disease has occurred and the abalone can be taken first (including aquaculture). Box) Full use of antibacterial medicinal baths on site, using tools for cleaning with potassium permanganate at a concentration of 15 mg/L, and then transferring the cultured sea areas to change the living conditions of the abalone breeding can suppress the death.
2. The operation of the sea medicine bath reserved a space on the truss. Use a canvas bag with a size of 3m 3m 3.5m to cover the space in the truss. Add seawater and medicine. Then put the breeding box and the abalone in the canvas. In the bag, each batch of medicine bath time is usually 30 minutes, the quantity is 25, and it is artificially stirred to prevent oxygen deprivation. After the medicine bath, it should be dried and exposed for lOmin before being hung under the sea. Each time the medicine is bathed for 2 hours, replace the fresh seawater and add the medicine again. Summer hot season should be performed in the evening.
First, the sea area choice
1. The growth temperature of abalone with water depth, discus abalone, Japanese abalone, and hybrid abalone is 8°C-28°C, and the optimum water temperature is 15°C-24°C. The water depth is shallow and summer is susceptible to high temperature. Therefore, the water depth of Baohai District should not be raised. Less than 4m.
2. The water flow is smooth and the waves are small. It is best to have a reciprocating bay and surrounded by sea areas with cultured kelp and seaweed. The tilt angle of the sling of the breeding box and the truss plane is ≤ 45 degrees at the maximum flow rate.
3. The environment is free of industrial and agricultural pollution, and the water quality is fresh. The seaweed (seaweed and seaweed) are rich in resources and convenient in origin. They are not affected by typhoons.
4. The pH of the water is between 7.8-8.2, dissolved oxygen ≥ 4mg/L, NH-N ≤ 80mg/square meters, annual weight is between 1.018-1.024, transparency is kept at 1 for most of the time .0m or more.
Second, facilities equipment
1. The truss mimics the truss of the fish cage in the southern cage. The trusses have a length and width of 18.0m (7.5m), and they are made of green eucalyptus or pine wood. The 75kg class foam floats are used for buoyancy, and 24 to 26 units are used in each. Each station is divided into 10 compartments, each cell has a size of 3m 3m, and four bamboo or firs with a length of 3.5m are used as hanger rods with a pitch of 60cm.
2. The truss is set to connect every 4 stations to a zone, set downstream, with anchors fixed around each zone, and the anchor rope is 2500 filaments and 3 strands of twisted PVC rope. A space of 80~m is reserved between the station and the station, and the distance between the area and the area is maintained between 20m and 30m.
3. The breeding box plastic special rectangular box, specifications for 40cm 30cm 12cm. The recently produced aquaculture tank was changed to an elliptical shape with an area of ​​approximately 0.18 m2, which is more suitable for use in the sea area. The hole size of the water hole in the breeding box is 0.5cm, 1.0cm, and 1.2cm, respectively, depending on the seed size. Each 5 boxes are stacked and suspended. The hanging rope is 1.0m to 1.5m long, and the hanging distance is 50cm. The weight of the bottom box rock is 2.5kg to 3.0kg.
4. In order to prevent the loss of the protection network, in the typhoon season, a protection net is made of a mesh of 5 cm to 8 cm in mesh size and 3 m 3 m to 4 m in mesh size.
5. Special tool tip steel pliers hand, used to remove attachments on the body. The stainless steel spatula has a hand for splitting the tightly-absorbed abalone. Rectangular rectangular red bucket, specifications 160kg, 200kg, used for the classification and local medicine bath when divided.
Third, seed selection
1. Varieties At present, the main species for breeding are Haliotis discus hannai, Japanese plateau abalone and hybrid abalone. In particular, the economic traits exhibited by hybrid abalone are the best and should be selected.
2. In the autumn, when the shell length is longer than 1.5cm, the water temperature in the sea area is appropriate, and the suitable growth period is long enough to shorten the breeding cycle.
3. The whole batch of strong seedlings for the purchase of strong seedlings is long and neat, sensitive to light, nocturnal, agile, bright and fresh, and fast.
4. Bao Miao's Sea
1. Young abalone stripping using artificial feel peeling, operation should be determined according to the severity of the way, to prevent forced stripping, so as to avoid artificial mechanical damage. Do not use alcohol stripping.
2. The temperature is controlled between 10°C and 12°C. The transportation time is controlled within 16 hours. The volume of seedling per box is 2cm or so. More than 30,000 seedlings; seedlings with a shell length of about 1.5 cm do not exceed 50,000 seedlings.
3. After packing in the sea to reach the culture area, the seedling box is opened first, ice cubes are taken out, the temperature inside the box is naturally restored to be close to the temperature, and then the bath is bathed with chloramphenicol at a concentration of 50 mg/L for 10 minutes. Each nursery box has a seedling density of 150-200.
Fifth, adjust the breeding density
1. The seedling water temperature is below 18°C ​​at the proper time, and the seedlings are started when the shell is longer than 3.0cm, usually in late autumn or early spring.
2. Density is categorized according to the individual size of the abalone to prevent growth polarization. The seedlings with 2.5cm, 3.0cm, and 3.5cm shells are packed in 35, 30, and 25 boxes per box. If oval boxes are used, 45, 35, and 30 boxes per box can be stored. only.
3. The place of operation is on the truss. Plasters are laid on the truss and are easy to operate. The area is around 10 m2.
4. The operation time is carried out in the morning and evening, using the characteristics of abalone, darkness and nocturnal emission, allowing it to peel off after natural crawling to reduce damage. Very tight adsorption, can be used to open the tongue spatula.
5. Remove attachments Use sharp-tipped steel pliers to remove attachments such as oysters and barnacles, and combine a 50mg/L concentration of chloramphenicol with a 10 min medicinal bath to prevent infection.
Sixth, daily management
1. Types of bait The bait that feeds on the bait is mainly seaweed and seaweed. After the seaweed season, dried seaweed can be used as the dry product.
2. The amount of bait to be fed depends on the season and the condition of the bait, and it is based on the principle that no rotting occurs. In summer and autumn, they were fed 1 to 3 days, and in winter and spring, they were fed 5 to 7 days.
3. Sludge washing Each time combined with feeding, cleaning is performed to remove the algae and sludge deposited on the breeding tank.
4. In the summer of clearing dead abalone, individual deaths occurred when the length of the shell was more than 50 mm. They should be picked up from the rearing tanks in time, packed in special barrels, brought back to the land for treatment, and should not be directly thrown into the cultured sea areas.
5. The typhoon threw a safety check. The tightness of the lashing ropes should be checked and the trusses reinforced to ensure safety. At the same time, it is protected with a protective net to prevent the loss of the sling.
VII. Disease Prevention
1. Disease prevention prevents water pollution in the sea area. In special hot seasons, we must ensure good water quality in the sea area. Pay attention to food hygiene and keep the bait fresh. Feed dry products should be cleaned first, then sterilized with 25mg/L chloramphenicol for 30 minutes after feeding. It was found that the mortality rate exceeded 0.3% per thousand, indicating that an abnormal phenomenon has occurred. Attention should be paid to checking and analyzing the cause of death. If the duration lasts more than 7 days and the degree of death has a serious development trend, it indicates that the disease has occurred and the abalone can be taken first (including aquaculture). Box) Full use of antibacterial medicinal baths on site, using tools for cleaning with potassium permanganate at a concentration of 15 mg/L, and then transferring the cultured sea areas to change the living conditions of the abalone breeding can suppress the death.
2. The operation of the sea medicine bath reserved a space on the truss. Use a canvas bag with a size of 3m 3m 3.5m to cover the space in the truss. Add seawater and medicine. Then put the breeding box and the abalone in the canvas. In the bag, each batch of medicine bath time is usually 30 minutes, the quantity is 25, and it is artificially stirred to prevent oxygen deprivation. After the medicine bath, it should be dried and exposed for lOmin before being hung under the sea. Each time the medicine is bathed for 2 hours, replace the fresh seawater and add the medicine again. Summer hot season should be performed in the evening.
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