In the past few days, this newspaper has received calls from readers of Chang'an District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, and Lantian County. They asked whether the bulk of the fruit has been sold. Can the fruit trees of the south, such as dragonflies and dragon fruit, be transplanted to the northern foot of Qinling for cultivation? On this issue, the reporter made a special trip to interview the researcher Lu Zhoumin, a tropical fruit expert at the Northwest A&F University.
Traditional bulk profit shrinks
According to Lu Zhoumin, from 2014 to 2015, the sales prices of various fruits have declined to different degrees, and the profit margin of traditional bulk fruits has been continuously reduced. As far as the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province is concerned, the sales prices of traditional fruits such as kiwifruit, grapes, peaches, apricots, etc. have all decreased in varying degrees. The same is true for large fruit apples in northern Fujian.
In recent years, the economic benefits of planting oysters in the Ankang and Hanzhong areas in southern Shaanxi have continuously increased. Under normal management conditions, the economic income of cultivating 1 mu of alfalfa is over 10,000 yuan.
The northern species of dragonfly and dragon fruit are not suitable for open cultivation
Whether or not South fruit can be cultivated in North China must first be seen from the requirements for the growth environment and ecological conditions of these fruits. For alfalfa, in the case of large-area open-field cultivation, the requirements for the eco-climatic conditions of the planting region are: the average annual temperature is greater than 15°C, the annual rainfall is greater than 800 mm, and the frost-free period is more than 240 days, especially during the middle to late January. The extreme low temperature in February is not lower than -3°C. The altitude is generally required to be less than 600 meters; the pH of the soil is 5.5-7.5, and the soil is deep and the soil is loose. The water-retaining and fertilizer-holding capacity is strong, and the sandy loam with a groundwater level of 100 cm or less is preferred. Therefore, large areas of economical cultivation of alfalfa can be achieved only in areas that meet the above conditions of temperature, rainfall, frost, and soil. In the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains and in the northern regions, the winter temperatures are low, which exceeds the limit of extreme low temperatures for the cultivation of alfalfa, especially in late-January to February when the alfalfa grows in the young fruiting period, and temperatures below -3°C are very likely to occur. Phenomenon, so it is not suitable for large-scale open field cultivation.
Azalea and pitaya northern species can be cultivated in facilities
For the cultivation of alfalfa and dragon fruit along the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains and in the north, plastic greenhouses or greenhouse cultivation can be carried out. This is mainly to prevent the occurrence of frost damage by raising the ambient temperature during the young fruit growing period. In addition, due to increased The temperature of the entire environment during growth can also effectively advance the maturation period of the cockroach.
In the cultivation of greenhouses, we should pay attention to the following points: (1) To choose the plots, we must choose a place with sunny leewards, flat terrain, and convenient drainage and irrigation. The best is sandy loam or brown loam. When cultivation is conducted in the northern part of the greenhouse, the varieties are selected from the areas that are closer to the geographical origin of the country of origin, such as "Xinongjing No. 2", "Big Five Star" and "Naganzaki Early Life", etc.; 3 The cultivation area must be considered when starting.æž‡æ· The local adaptability, terrain and topography, as well as the level and level of management that can be achieved, etc., cannot be too large at once; 4 Strengthen scientific management and prevention of pests and diseases.
Dragon fruit is originally a tropical, subtropical fruit, is a perennial climbing succulent plant, hi light and shade, heat and drought. The optimum temperature for the growth of pitaya is 25°C to 35°C, and the minimum temperature is not lower than 0°C. Soils with rich humus and strong water and fertility have good neutral and weakly acidic soils.
When carrying out northward shift cultivation of dragon fruit, greenhouses or greenhouses are also to be cultivated. We must choose neutral or slightly acidic soils with sunny leewards and rich in humus. The temperature in the shed during the cultivation process should be maintained at no less than 0°C. At the beginning of introduction and cultivation, the area should not be too large, and scientific management should be strengthened.
For tropical or subtropical fruits such as citrus, lemon, grapefruit, etc., it is not suitable to introduce north of the Qinling Mountains for cultivation.
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The selection of good varieties in Nanguo North is the key
Xiongnuo No. 2 is an excellent new variety of alfalfa that was studied and bred by the Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University in Ankang after more than ten years of research. It was approved by the Shaanxi Provincial Forest Variety Approval Committee in December 2015. The average fruit weight of the variety is 45.6g, and the maximum is 72g. The quality is good and the edible rate is high.
Nagasaki was born in Japan. This variety was introduced from Japan by the Northwest A&F University and cultivated in Ankang after more than ten years of cultivation observation. In December 2015, it was approved by the Forest Variety Approval Committee of Shaanxi Province. The average fruit weight of this variety is 27.8 grams, soluble solids content of more than 15%, sweet fruit, good palatability, quality and superior.
The Liberation Clock originated from Putian, Fujian Province, China. It was selected from the real-life mutants of the bell. The average fruit weight was 61 grams, the largest was 170 grams, the edible rate was 71% to 72%, and the soluble solids were 11.5% to 12.5. %. The variety is resistant and adaptable. It can be eaten fresh and processed.
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