Porcine infectious gastroenteritis, epidemic diarrhea and rotavirus infections are highly contagious intestinal diseases caused by viruses. Their clinical symptoms are very similar. Their main features are vomiting and severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and sometimes Mixed infection, collectively known as porcine viral diarrhea. Swine transmissible gastroenteritis. It can occur throughout the year, but it mainly occurs in the late autumn and early spring cold seasons. It spreads rapidly. The new epidemic spots are mostly fulminant and epidemics are common in old epidemics. The source of infection is sick pigs and poisoned pigs. The virus is excreted through faeces, vomitus, milk, nasal secretions, and exhalation. Contaminated feed, drinking water, etc. infect other pigs. Pigs of all ages are susceptible to infection, and the incidence of piglets within two weeks of age is high. After a brief incubation period, the disease suddenly developed. Within a few days, the whole group spread. Some of the affected pigs first appeared vomiting, followed by frequent and frequent watery diarrhoea. The faecal water was yellow, light green, or gray watery. The rancid smell was often mixed. Digested curd blocks cause serious dehydration of the piglet, resulting in high mortality. Piglets become stagnant pigs due to their growth and development. As the age increases, the mortality rate gradually decreases. Symptoms of infections in larger pigs vary, and young pigs develop in almost the entire pen or in whole-brick swine houses. They usually show loss of appetite and bloating, followed by watery diarrhea, which is jet-like, and can be seen as incompletely digested in the diarrhea. The feed, usually about 1 week after the diarrhea stopped and recovered, and active immunity, but the growth was blocked in a period of time, about 50% of the rehabilitation pigs poisoned detoxification for 2-8 weeks or even longer (104 days) without clinical Symptoms, this is also the main reason for the periodic outbreak of this disease is difficult to eliminate. Lactating sows reduce diarrhea and accelerate the onset and death of suckling piglets. Occasionally, pregnant sows may experience miscarriage. Porcine epidemic diarrhea. The disease covers all major pig-rearing areas in the world. It mainly occurs in the winter and can also occur in the spring and autumn. Various pigs can infect the disease, but the transmission rate is slower than that of contagious gastroenteritis, and the disease duration is shorter and the mortality rate is lower. The source of infection is sick pigs and infected pigs. Excretions and secretions such as faeces and saliva excrete a lot of virus to pollute the environment. Susceptible pigs cause morbidity by ingesting contaminated feed and drinking water. Some pigs vomit and diarrhea occurs immediately. , Gray or black water samples, poor spirit, anorexia, duration of about 1 week, 1 week old piglet vomiting symptoms occur mostly after feeding, easy to death due to severe dehydration, the average mortality rate of 20 to 30%. Adult pigs may only see vomiting and anorexia without diarrhea, and the mortality rate is very low. However, some young piglets may not develop disease, while younger-aged young pigs or finishing pigs may die of acute fulminant diarrhea. Porcine rotavirus infection. The disease is an infectious zoonoses of various animal diarrhea caused by rotavirus group. The disease spreads all over the world. Pigs of all ages can infect. They are endemic in nature and spread mainly through the digestive tract. The infection rate is sometimes as high as 100%. It is usually associated with infectious gastroenteritis, Escherichia coli and even coccidial infection. Or secondary infection. Adult pigs, sows, and boars are generally insidious infections with minimal incidence. The mortality rate of piglets infected within 7 days of age is extremely high, reaching 100%. With increasing age, the mortality rate is reduced, and the incidence rate is 50 to 80% within 8 weeks of age. Newborn piglets are prone to infection when they lack milk or maternal antibodies. Severe diarrhea, rapid dehydration, poor appetite, vomiting after feeding are often aura symptoms of diarrhea, and diarrhea stools are watery or pasty. Duration 3-7 Days, often due to dehydration, especially in the cold or when mixed infections with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, E. coli and other diseases, 10 to 21 days of piglets showed more similar to white lice (milk larvae), after weaning For the dark gray water samples, antibodies can be recovered after a few days, but due to the shorter duration of antibodies, there will be repeated infections. Comprehensive prevention and control measures As these viral diarrhea in pigs mainly occur in autumn and winter, the incidence and mortality rate of piglets after infection are relatively high, which causes large economic losses to pig farms and households. Now that the weather has turned cold, it has entered the epidemic seasons of these diseases. Therefore, we remind the pig farms and households to take preventive measures so as to minimize the economic losses caused thereby. (1) The gilts should be injected with vaccines and porcine epidemic diarrhea inactivated vaccines before they are bred so that they have sufficient active immunity; pregnant sows are injected with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis and rotavirus 3 to 4 weeks before delivery Dual vaccine, porcine epidemic diarrhea vaccine, piglets receive passive immunization of maternal antibodies, and at the time of 8 to 10 days of daily oral administration of 0.3 to 0.5 pig transmissible gastroenteritis and rotavirus attenuated vaccine, 20~ At the age of 22 days, the inactivated vaccine against porcine epidemic diarrhea was injected, resulting in a higher level of active immunity and reduction in the incidence of death. (2) When viral diarrhea is found in pigs, because there is no effective therapeutic drug at the moment, preventive measures should be taken quickly to strengthen disinfection. Disinfectants should be sprayed on vomitus and diarrhea, such as disinfectant, 2.8 disinfectant, etc., and after about half an hour, the contaminated utensils should be disinfected. Feed diseased pigs with digestible feed and feed more water. In order to prevent secondary infections, antibiotics and other antibacterial agents may be appropriate for piglets younger than the age of the week, such as intramuscular injection of amoxicillin, cana, butacinamide, fluorosalicylic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, Sulfa drug injection; or sulfamethoxazole 0.5 ~ 4 grams, baking soda 1 ~ 4 grams, 1 ~ 5 grams of potassium nitrate, mixed oral. For the more serious piglets, in addition to the above-mentioned drugs, intravenous injection of 5 to 10% glucose saline and 3 to 5% sodium bicarbonate to prevent dehydration and acidosis. In addition, traditional Chinese medicine can also be used, such as the use of horseradish, Centella asiatica, a little red 60 grams (fresh whole plant), Shuijianbi and so on. (3) The use of infectious gastroenteritis and rotavirus vaccines and epidemic diarrhoea vaccines in affected swine herds to inoculate the sows two or more times 5 to 6 weeks and 2 to 3 weeks before delivery can effectively control outbreaks. Shortening the outbreak period significantly reduces or terminates the onset of death of newborn piglets. After the control, long-term immunization procedures were used to vaccinate transmissible gastroenteritis and rotavirus double vaccine and epidemic diarrhea vaccine. (4) In addition, the sanitation and disinfection work in the venue, and the strengthening of feeding and management, are also conducive to preventing and controlling the occurrence of infectious diseases.
Harm of Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a disease transmitted primarily through blood. Chronic infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) can cause chronic inflammatory necrosis and fibrosis of the liver, which may progress into hepatic cellular cancer (HCC), extremely harmful for the patient's health and life. Hepatitis C has become a serious social and public health problem in the world.
1.Etiology and Natural History of Hepatitis C
2.Prevalence of Hepatitis C
3.Transmission Route and Susceptible Population
4.Low Awareness Rate of Hepatitis C
5.Harm of Hepatitis C
6.Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C
Ultrasound Contrast Injection,Perfluoropropane-Albumin Microsphere Injection,Ultrsound Contrast,Contrast Doppler Ultrasound Injection
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