As the age and parity of cows increase, the milk fat percentage and milk protein in the milk produced will decrease. The resulting milk is thin, and the two important indicators in milk are fat and protein content. The increase of fat and protein in milk not only increases the consistency of milk, increases the nutritional value, and directly increases the economic benefits of dairy cows.
Pre-lactating milk volume increased, milk fat percentage and non-fat solid form rate decreased; milk volume decreased during late lactation, and milk fat rate and fat-free solid form rate increased.
Feed and Feed Management Factors
Dairy cows have too much dietary concentrate and a serious shortage of roughage. In order to pursue a high milk yield, the amount of concentrated feed is increased too much for dairy cows, and insufficient crude feed results in a decrease in ruminal acetic acid production and a decrease in milk fat percentage. Among the volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen of cattle, acetic acid can be used as a raw material for the synthesis of milk fat, in addition to serving as an energy source. The source of acetic acid is cellulose in the roughage, especially hay. In the diet, if straw is used instead of 40% of hay, milk yield and milk fat percentage can be significantly reduced. Therefore, the quantity and quality of roughage are very important for improving milk fat percentage.
Concentrates are rich in carbohydrates. Feeding too much concentrate will change the digestion process of the rumen, increase the formation of propionic acid, and reduce the content of acetic acid. Propionic acid cannot be used to synthesize milk fat, resulting in a decrease in the rate of milk fat. Don't add too much concentrate feed, use materials to change milk, not only cause the waste of concentrate, increase the cost of feeding, but also affect the breeding of dairy cows, and can easily cause ruminal acidosis, rumen retardation, etc., and reduce the benefit of raising cattle.
The type of roughage is single and the quality is poor. The vast majority of farmers do not grow pasture or carrots. The green feed of dairy cows depends on wild weeds on roadsides in the field and is supplied on a regular basis. Many farmers feed silage plus concentrates. Silage due to poor storage, the phenomenon of secondary fermentation and mildew deterioration, resulting in decreased quality of silage, dairy cow intake decreased, thus affecting milk production and milk quality.
Dairy cows have poor feeding and management environments. Due to poor sanitation conditions, dairy cows suffer from mastitis and the synthesis of milk ingredients is significantly reduced, resulting in a marked reduction in fat and fat-free solids; due to unbalanced feed intake, poor body condition, feeding of deteriorating feed, etc. As a result, the liver function declines, the nutrient supply to the raw materials converted into milk components is insufficient, the milk fat rate decreases, the synthesis of fat-free solids decreases, and the milk thins out.
For these situations, it is necessary to adjust the diet, strengthen management, increase grain feed properly, add calcium fatty acid, green farms, and improve cattle health measures.
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