Luxi cattle is a herbivorous ruminant and belongs to the genus Hoofidae of the Mammals. Luxi cattle are known for their large body size, stable genetic properties, strong pull, resistance to roughage, management, dry and elastic skin, and meat and meat use. Before the 1980s, it was an important cattle for local farmers. It was an important means of production at that time and then withdrew with the gradual popularization of agricultural mechanization. Luxi cattle body is tall, with good forequarters development, muscular, strong physique, well-proportioned structure, strong adaptability, thin skin, high meat production rate, fresh meat, fat evenly distributed between the muscle fibers, forming a clear marble The pattern, which has the reputation of “five flowers and three layers of meatâ€, is one of the most famous meat breeders in the world and has been included in the list of state-level livestock and poultry genetic resources.
I. Feeding Management of Luxi Yellow Bull Breeds
1, the choice of breeding bulls
Rouxi cattle bulls are generally selected from 6 to 8 months old bulls.
Elected to request the bull to require a large body, strong physique, strong, big head and large neck; majestic eyes, large ears, sensitive, fast food intake; strong spirit, wide chest, back straight and strong, flat and wide buttocks After the file has a proper gap, good at walking, stable when climbing; two testicular development well-proportioned, no cryptorchidism, reproductive system without defects, no disease, strong sexual desire, in line with the characteristics of this species.
The normal growth and development of the bull, and the age of the species, have a direct bearing on the husbandry and management, especially in young age.
2, the kind of bull breeding time
The breeding age of the bull must be over 1.5 years old, and it is necessary to grasp the appropriate intensity of use. Generally, 1.5-year old bulls should be bred 1-2 times per week, 2-3 times per week at 2-3 years, 3-4 times per week from 3 to 7 years old, and 7-8 years old should be selected in time. Stay class bulls.
3, feed for breeding bulls
According to the characteristics of the kind of bull nutritional requirements, feed should be comprehensive nutrition, good palatability, easy to digest, refined, crude, green feed to be reasonable, the diet volume should not be too large, poor quality of feed should be fed less, so as not to cause malnutrition.
Feed three times a day, each time first feeding grass or hay, then feeding the concentrate. Feed 0.4-0.6 kg per kg of body weight per day. Bull mix with fine material is roughly: barley, corn 30%, bran 35%, soybean cake, oil cake 25%, fish meal, blood meal 5%, bone meal 3%, salt 2%.
4, breed bull epidemic prevention
According to the requirements of the "Law of the People's Republic of China on Animal Epidemic Prevention" and supporting laws and regulations, in conjunction with the actual conditions in the region, the disease vaccination campaign is selectively conducted, and appropriate vaccines, immunization procedures and immunization methods are selected. At least 2 anthrax vaccines and 2 foot-and-mouth disease vaccines need to be vaccinated each year.
Second, Luxi cattle breeding and management
Reserve cows refer to cows that are ready to be used for breeding after calves are born. Good cows, first of all, should have good growth in the hindquarters. Well-pitched cows have good pelvic development and are good for fetal growth and output. In addition, it should have a straight back, a handsome head, a wide, long face, well-preserved limbs, strong, well-developed breasts, and a large belly without sagging.
The day-to-day management of a cow is basically the same as that of a bull, but differs in feed.
During the sexual maturation of cows, in addition to giving excellent pasture, hay, silage, and juicy feed, some formula feed must be properly supplemented. Starting from the age of 9-10 months, some straw and glutinous roughage can be fed, which accounts for 30%-40% of the total crude material.
The diet of cows during pregnancy should be based on roughage and juicy feed, which accounts for about 75% of the total diet, and the remaining 25% for compound feeds to supplement energy and protein deficiencies.
III. Management of Luxi cattle calves
The lactation period of Rouxi cattle is usually 6 months. Calf period refers to the calf from birth to 6 months of age. Because beef calves are generally reared in rural households, and there are few rearing units in each household, extensive management is often adopted. This misses the best time for weight gain during the calf stage. Now let's take a look at the Luxi cattle calves. Niu period management.
1. Early feeding
Early feeding is to feed the calf as soon as possible. After calves are born, they usually rely on breastfeeding. Within one month of the calf being born, breastmilk can meet the needs of calf's growth and development. However, after one month, the nutrition of breast milk alone cannot meet its growth needs. , must be timely feeding. The six-month-old calves that have not been over-fed have a body weight of more than 100 to 120 kg, and the calves that are fed by the diet can weigh 160 to 180 kg.
For a one-month calf, you can basically eat a mixture of hay and concentrate. As the calf intake increases, adequate drinking water must be guaranteed. When burdock grows to 60 days, it begins to feed silage.
2, sports and grazing
From the eighth to the tenth day after birth, the yak usually takes the calf free movement to give the yak a certain amount of space, and it will run a few times when he wants to exercise. If a calf is born in a warm season, the following exercise can be performed outdoors every day. If it is a cold winter, it must be indoors to prevent the calf from getting sick due to the cold.
3, brushing
In calves, because cows are basically used for breeding, the dirt on the skin of cows is contaminated with feces and dust. This not only reduces the thermal insulation and heat dissipation of the fur, but also worsens the blood circulation of the skin. It is easy to get sick, so brush your calf every day.
4, clean the house
The cleaning should be thorough, the excrement should be cleaned in time, the ground should be filled with water in summer, and winter should not be frozen.
5, disinfection
Disinfection is an important measure to purify the environment. In order to improve the hygienic conditions of the sheds and surrounding environment, it is necessary to develop the habit of regular disinfection. The yak's shed must be sterilized and the calf must be properly placed. Then it must be sterilized in the roll. Disinfection should be thorough. Sterilization includes the disinfection of surrounding walls, floors, fences and other facilities. Only in this way can the cowhouse be kept clean and pathogens eliminated.
Disinfection can use 84 disinfectant, 84 disinfectant is a highly effective disinfectant based on sodium hypochlorite, can kill a variety of germs. 84 disinfectant has a certain degree of irritation and corrosion, must be diluted before use. The general dilution concentration is 2 to 1000 parts per thousand, that is, put 2 to 5 ml of 84 disinfectant in 1000 ml of water. When disinfecting the barn and the surrounding environment, pour the diluted disinfectant into the sprayer and use a sprayer to spray the corners evenly.
6, injection of vaccine
Diarrhea is the most easily acquired disease of calf calves. After calves are born, they are easily infected with Escherichia coli or Salmonella due to unhealthy breast-feeding, eating dirt, drinking dirty water, and getting cold. Blood symptoms of enteritis and diarrhea. In the first month of calves, it is very necessary to take a shot to stop the vaccine. The vaccine should be purchased from a regular veterinarian and injected according to the instructions.
7, injection of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine
Foot-and-mouth disease is an acute, hot, and contagious disease that is caused by cloven-hoofed animals that are caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. Animals suffering from foot-and-mouth disease may experience symptoms such as fever, lameness, and bubble-like macules on skin and skin mucous membranes. It can cause the heart of a sick animal to paralyze and die quickly. When burdock grows to 8 months, it is necessary to inject a foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. The injection is the amount used in the reference manual.
Fourth, Luxi cattle management of fattening period
There is a rule for the growth of Luxi cattle, which is when they are 1 to 1 year and a half old, they enter a period of rapid growth. The period from 1 year to 1 year and a half is the most rapid growth stage. If you are meticulously raised, you can quickly grow fat in a short period of time. So 1 year to 1 year and a half are also called the fast fattening period.
Luxi cattle have grown to about 1 year old, they are physically strong and their resistance is strong. At this time, the cowshed can be changed to a simpler fence. The direction of the fence construction is better in the north-south direction, which is conducive to receiving sunlight. There is a shelter on the fence to cover the wind and rain. There are troughs and sinks inside the fence. The fattening cattle are not tied in the fence, and they are raised, free-fed, free to drink water, and free to exercise.
The breeding density of fencing fattening is relatively high. The average area of ​​each cow is from 4 m2 to 5 m2. This kind of fattening method is not only simple and convenient, but also improves the management efficiency. The traditional cowshed breeding can only manage 15 to 20 people. The head of cattle, and the use of fence fattening, one person can manage 200 to 300 cows.
Fence fattening adapts to the habits of Luxi cattle and reduces the stimulation of environmental changes, thereby increasing feed intake and drinking capacity, and increasing daily weight gain and carcass quality.
1, before the fattening insecticide
Since beef cattle often contact the ground due to their intake of roughage, pasture, etc., they are susceptible to various nematodes in the digestive tract, and they are also susceptible to parasites such as ticks, cockroaches, mites, and fly pupae. After a mild to moderate infection with parasites in cattle, the conversion rate of feed is affected, mainly due to decreased appetite and absorption of protein and energy, and the quality and weight gain of carcasses are also reduced, which in turn affects the economy of beef cattle breeding. benefit. For this reason, beef cattle must be dewormed before fattening.
Deworming drugs can choose coccidiosis and other anti-parasitic drugs, the drug pressed into pieces, and evenly mixed in the feed. Deworming should be carried out when the beef cattle are fasting. Before the administration, it is best to stop for several hours, only to drink water, in order to facilitate the drug, absorb and improve the efficacy. The deworming is best arranged in the afternoon or evening. The cattle excrete the body during the day to facilitate collection and treatment. After deworming, beef cattle should be kept in isolation for 2 weeks, and their feces should be disinfected and decontaminated.
2, fattening feed preparation
During the fattening period, beef cattle are mainly fed with silage. Adding a little green hay and fine material for fattening should pay attention to the quality of silage. Moldy mildew cannot feed cattle because the protein content in silage is relatively low, only 2%. Right and left, so it must be matched with protein feeds such as cotton aphids.
Cottonseed meal is a by-product of the extraction of cottonseed oil, generally contains 32-37% of crude protein, lysine and methionine content are low, respectively, 1.48% and 0.54%, arginine content is too high, up to 3.6-3.8% . The slow degradation of cottonseed cake in the rumen is a good source of protein feed for beef cattle.
In addition to increasing the amount of cottonseed meal, every day is essential corn meal and wheat bran eaten by beef cattle. Cottonseed meal, corn flour, and bran are collectively referred to as concentrates. The proportion of concentrate is 60% for cottonseed meal, 25% for corn meal, and 15% for bran.
The 15th day of beef cattle entering the bar is the adaptation period. This period is mainly to allow the cattle to become familiar with the new environment, adapt to the new conditions of forage, eliminate the stress caused by the transportation process, and restore the strength and weight of the cattle. The daily amount is mainly based on better coarse material, and no feeding or less feeding of fine material is performed. With the recovery of the strength of the cattle, the ratio of fine material to coarse material is gradually increased to 30:70; after 20 days of overage, the ration is in The proportion of refined concentrates increased from 30% to 60%, and the proportion of coarse materials decreased from 70% to 40%. The task during this period was mainly to allow cattle to gradually adapt to concentrate-type diets to prevent bulging disease, diarrhoea and acidosis and other diseases. ; The fattening period 30 to 40 days, the proportion of concentrate in the diet further increased to 70% to 85%, fine material from 40% to 15% to 30%, during this period the daily gain can reach two to three catties. In order to allow the cow to eat a large amount of concentrate, this period can increase the number of feedings and increase the number of drinking water. About half an hour or so after each feed, clean the sink and replace with fresh water.
3, brushing
It is very important to brush the beef cattle during the fattening period. Brush the cattle twice a day for 5 to 10 minutes each time. The method of brushing is from front to back and top to bottom. Why is brushing very important? This is because the brushing is not only to keep it clean, but more importantly, the whole body of the cow is brushed, which can promote blood circulation and prevent the deposition of fat. The experienced breeder said that beef cattle often brushed can grow. Marbled good meat.
4, maintain health
Because there are a large number of cattle in the bullpen, we must be diligent in cleaning and keep the cattle in the clean. Around 9:00 am every day, the fattening cows will be automatically transferred to places with the sun. At this time, the keeper will just clean the dung in the shade and keep the barn dry.
5, fire alkali disinfection
Fire alkali is a cheaper, disinfectant drug, dissolves it into a 2% to 4% solution, kills reproductive bacteria and viruses, 10% solution, kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 24 hours, A 30% solution kills anthrax buds for 10 minutes. Therefore, pyrogenic alkali is often used for the disinfection of cowsheds, which are usually disinfected once a week.
After two to three months of fattening, beef cattle can reach 500 kilograms. The quality and production of high-grade beef are closely related to the weight of cattle. The live weight before slaughter can reach less than 500 kilograms. The beef is succulent, marble texture and tenderness. The degree of high-grade beef will not reach the level and lose its economic significance.
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