(1) Soil preparation: The various nutrients needed for growing vegetables are basically provided by soil. Therefore, the selected soil must have suitable fertility, and can continuously provide moisture, nutrients, air and appropriate temperature, and can guarantee each Fertility requirements. Vegetable cultivation is an intensive type of agriculture and requires a high degree of intensive cultivation. Therefore, the soil must be turned, loosened, broken, mixed, pressed, and evened into measures. It is necessary to do farming, deep plowing, loose ventilation, moderate heat, and soil. Loose, enhanced water absorption and permeability, improved soil.
(2) Seeding: The open field seedlings shall be covered with coverings such as grass ash, grass, and loose hair to ensure the soil moisture after sowing. At the same time, due to air convection and direct sunlight, the evaporation effect is strong. After only gradually reducing the number of watering; and mulching seedlings are sowed after planting a single one-time watering, cover the cover, and then in the cover film, after the emergence of complete removal of the cover, in the sunny days 10-17 when the film to cool down Seedlings, transplanted on a daily basis.
(c) Colonization: The young seedlings are transplanted from the seedbed to a field or a cultivation bed. Combining farming with a large amount of decomposing organic manure, human excreta, and arranging basal fertilizer through ploughing and soil preparation are conducive to early growth and development of seedlings. If unfermented organic fertilizers are applied, the roots are often burned or induced by underground pests such as mantle, due to the high temperatures generated during the decomposition process or the high concentration of soil solutions.
(4) Fertilization: The vegetables grow rapidly, the multiple cropping index is high, and the amount of fertilizer required is large. However, the demand for fertilizers for different vegetables depends on crops, varieties, root absorption capacity, yield level, growth period, growth rate, and environmental conditions. Root system developed, deep into the ground, more lateral roots, root hair up to vegetable varieties can absorb more nutrients from the soil, the absorption of fertilizer and the need for large, but less.
(5) Irrigation and Drainage: The demand for water from vegetables is much larger than that of other crops. During the life span of vegetable growth and development, the water requirement for different growth periods is also different. Seedling root system is small, the amount of water absorption is not much, but the soil moisture requirements are strict, it is necessary to ensure adequate water, but also appropriate control, in order to benefit root growth and prevent leggy. It usually takes a lot of moisture to enter a vigorous growth period. The moisture requirements of various vegetables are determined by their ability to absorb water and the amount of water consumed. In general, vegetables that have a strong root system and can absorb water from the soil are more resistant to drought. The larger leaf area, soft tissue, strong transpiration, weak drought resistance.
(VI) Disease Prevention and Control: Vegetables are most vulnerable to pests and diseases throughout their lives, and the plant protection policy of “prevention-oriented, comprehensive prevention and control†has always been implemented. The main diseases are downy mildew: irregular lesions on the front of the diseased leaves, when the back is wet, white mold can be seen, and when the flowers are sick, they become green. This disease is more prevalent in high humidity and low temperatures, and lodging is more common. Yellow wilting and death; soft rot: from the wound began to feel sick, initially infiltrated translucent, and later expanded to obvious water spots, white bacteria above the skin subsidence thick, the disease in addition to vascular tissue outside the rot, There was a stench of sticky, soft, and rot. Virus disease was mainly manifested in mosaics, bright veins, and distorted leaves. In severe cases, the plants were dwarfed, non-balling, and not strong, and were mainly spread by the aphids. The control method used disease-free seeds or seeds with 50% carbendazim powder, 70% thiophanate-methyl seed dressing, 0.4% of the seed weight; proper sowing, reasonable close planting, avoiding crop disease period, selecting disease resistance Variety, eliminating sick plants in the field and reducing pathogens.
(7) Insect pest control: The underground part of the vegetable pests is the onion flies, cockroaches, cockroaches, and ground tigers; the damaging parts of the ground include cabbage butterfly, noctuid, locust, cabbage leaf bee, snail, red spider, and armyworm. The methods of prevention and control were: timely tillage and drying of fields, eradication of field weeds, diseased plants, use of decomposed organic fertilizers, rational rotation, and selection of insect-resistant varieties. Chemical control: the use of seed dressings, pesticides, watering roots, toxic soils, etc. are used for the control of pesticides in soil pests, and 40% phoxim is used for pesticides. The dosage is 300-400 ml per mu. The above ground pests are mostly sprayed, and the selected pesticides are used for kung fu, speed killing, etc. The dosage is 600-800 times liquid.
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