Scientists have developed a miniature optoelectronic device that can be inserted into the rat brain without damage to control the behavior of the mouse. They said that in the future, this technology can be used to actively control some physiological processes of human beings, so as to achieve the purpose of diagnosis, prevention and even treatment of diseases.
Researchers from various research institutions in the United States, China, and South Korea have completed related research work, and their papers were published in the American journal Science on the 11th.
One of the authors, Huang Yonggang from Northwestern University, developed an injection-type miniature optoelectronic device that uses light to stimulate the neurons of mice, allowing neurons to release dopamine and other neurotransmitters into the brain, thereby controlling and interfering with mouse behavior.
Huang Yonggang said, for example, when a mouse enters a room, it will walk along the wall and will not run in the middle. But now it is possible to remotely control the microelectronics to illuminate, thereby changing the behavior of the mouse. "Let it run away from the wall, but sway inside the room."
Huang Yonggang said: "This is the first time to achieve the behavior of implanting devices in the brain to control animals without damage. An important breakthrough is that no damage is caused."
Previous studies have attempted to implant light sources, sensors, etc. into the brain, but they have not solved the problem of brain damage, so the rats will die very quickly. In the experiment of Huang Yonggang et al., the mice survived for six months to a year.
According to Huang Yonggang, the most important reason is that they solve the problem of heat generation when the device works. Luminescence of the device will cause an increase in brain tissue temperature, while the brain is a very sensitive organ, and elevated temperatures may cause brain cell death. Previous devices did not solve the problem of heat rejection, and the damage to the brain was relatively large, and their devices could control the temperature rise to within 0.1 degrees Celsius.
In addition, the device is "very soft, very small, very thin" and is less than one-fifth the diameter of the hair, which is an important cause of no damage to the mouse brain.
Although this experiment can control and interfere with the action of the mouse through light stimulation, it is still impossible to manipulate every organ of the mouse. For example, after the device emits light, the mouse is controlled to move the left leg or the right leg. Huang Yonggang said that this will be the future. A research direction. In addition, in the future, in the field of medical research, artificial control of some human physiological processes through micro-devices may help to better understand and even treat neurological disorders such as dementia, Parkinson's disease, depression and anxiety.
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