Choose good breed. At present, many farmers are planting summer soybeans. Instead of using self-retained seeds or Chen seeds, they are blindly introducing foreign seeds. Self-retained species are generally aging and mixed. The germination rate of Chen seeds is extremely low, and high-yield varieties in the field may not be suitable for cultivation in the region. The use of these seeds not only fails to achieve high yields, but also threatens to reduce or even eliminate harvest. Therefore, when planting summer soybeans, soybean varieties with high yield, high quality, and comprehensive resistance, such as Xudou No. 3, Yudou No. 22, Zheng 196, and Zheng 92116, should be selected.
Closely planted. For the planting density of summer soybeans, some farmers believe that the more dilute the better, while other farmers believe that the denser the better. When the summer soybeans were planted, the stems were thick and strong, and the number of per plant and per plant was larger, the grain size was larger, the grain weight was increased, and the appearance quality of the grains was good. However, the planting density was too small, the population was small, and the total yield certainly was not. high. Of course, it is not the denser the better, the density is too high, and the light between the plants is poor, which results in the plants being long and susceptible to disease and lodging. Therefore, it should be properly planted. The suitable planting density of summer soybean is about 12,000 plants per mu. When determining the planting density, the principle of "fertility should be thin and thin land should be dense" should also be followed.
Proper sowing. Many farmers believe that summer soybeans are sown early and have a long period of growth, and production will increase. This is unscientific. Soybean sowing was too early. Because the ground temperature was still low, the emergence was slow, and it was easy to infect the disease, resulting in reduced production. But it can't be sowed too late, or late summer soybeans will affect the sowing of crops. The suitable sowing date for summer soybeans is from late May to mid-June. During the suitable sowing period, the specific sowing date should be determined according to the type of species and soil moisture conditions. Early maturing varieties should be properly sowed late; late maturing varieties should be properly sown early so that they can be rooted to form strong seedlings and increase yield. Land with poor soil moisture content should be robbed of early sowing and timely repression after sowing.
Depth is suitable. Seeding is too shallow, seedling emergence is quick, and it is easily affected by drought; sowing is too deep and seedling emergence is slow, which is not conducive to the formation of strong seedlings. The depth of summer soybean sowing should be determined based on the texture of the soil and the condition of the soil. For soils with loose texture and good lye, the depth of sowing should be 3~4 cm, and the soil with poor texture and poor lye should be 5–6 cm deep. The sowing depth exceeds 7 cm, which is not only slower but also weaker.
Scientific fertilization. Soybean root nodules can fix nitrogen in the air, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer that needs to be absorbed from the soil during the whole growth period is relatively small, but the required phosphorus and potassium elements must be extracted from the soil. In order to make high-yield summer soybeans, the base fertilizer should be applied and top dressing should be carried out during the flowering period. Base fertilizer applies 1 ton of organic fertilizer per acre, and is applied in combination with site preparation. Before soybean flowering, applying 20 kg of diammonium per acre can achieve significant yield increase.
Harvest in time. Summer soybeans are harvested too early, and the grains are not full, or there are blue grains, affecting the quality; harvesting too late, it is easy to fry and reduce production. The criteria for the maturity of summer soybeans were as follows: all the leaves fell off, the plants were shaken by shaking hands, and the seeds were not sunken by hand.
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