Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization Technology (3)

III. Basic Techniques for Determining Formulations The currently-applied formula fertilization techniques are divided from the different basis for quantitative fertilization. They can be grouped into the following three types: First Type of Fertility Zoning (Grade) and Methodology (Part 3) Method of Fertilization Zoning (Level) Yes, according to the level of soil fertility is divided into several levels, or a fertility field plot is divided, as a formula area, the use of soil survey data and field trial results in the past, combined with the practical experience of the people to estimate the comparison of this formula area Appropriate fertilizer types and their application rates. The advantages of the geographical division (level) allocation method is that it has strong pertinence, and the proposed usage and measures are close to local experience, and the people are easy to accept, and the promotion resistance is relatively small. However, its disadvantage is that its limitations in the region depend on more experience. Applicable to areas with small differences in production levels and poor foundations. In the process of implementation, we must combine experimental demonstrations to gradually increase the proportion of scientific testing methods and guidance. The second type of target production yield method The target output allocation method is based on the composition of crop yield, and the nutrient supply principle of soil and fertilizer is used to calculate the amount of fertilizer. After the target yield has been determined, it is calculated as how much nutrients need to be absorbed to apply the fertilizer. Currently, there are the following two methods: 1. The nutrient balance method uses soil nutrient values ​​to calculate soil fertilizer supply. Fertilizer requirement can be calculated according to the following formula: Fertilizer requirement amount = (crop unit yield nutrient absorption target yield)-(Correction coefficient of soil measurement) Fertilizer nutrient content Fertility utilization rate in the season Note: (1) Crop unit absorption in formula Target Yield = Crop Absorption (2) Soil Measured Value 0.3 Correction Factor = Soil Fertilizer Supply (3) Soil nutrient measurements are expressed in ppm, and 0.3 is the nutrient conversion factor. The advantage of this method is that the concept is clear and easy to grasp. The disadvantage is that due to the buffering properties of the soil, the soil nutrients are in a dynamic equilibrium. Therefore, the measured value is a relative amount, and the “soil supply amount” cannot be directly calculated. Usually, the “correction coefficient” is adjusted and the surface correction is obtained through the test. Coefficient 2 The difference in fertility difference subtractive crops without any fertilizer means the yield of empty fields. The nutrients it absorbs are all taken from the soil. To subtract the yield from the target yield is the yield from fertilization. Fertilizer requirement is calculated according to the following formula: Fertilizer requirement amount = Crop unit yield Nutrient absorption amount (target output - yield in empty field) Nutrient content Fertility utilization This method has the advantage that the method does not require soil testing and avoids nutrient balance. The shortcomings of the law. However, the output of blank fields cannot be obtained in advance, which has brought difficulties to promotion. At the same time, the output of the blank fields is a comprehensive reflection of the factors that constitute the output. It does not represent the abundance of several nutrient elements. It can only be calculated from the amount of crops absorbed. When the soil fertility is higher, the greater the dependency of the crop on the soil (ie, the more nutrients the crop absorbs from the soil), the less nutrients that need to be supplied by the fertilizer, and the possibility of exploitation of the ground force and timely detection. Draw attention. The third type of fertilizer effect function method is to conduct multi-point field trials through simple comparison, or application of orthogonal, regression and other experimental designs, so as to select the optimal treatment and determine the application amount of fertilizer, there are mainly the following three methods: 1 Multi-factor orthogonal, regression design method This method is generally based on single-factor or two-factor multi-level test design, and the yields obtained from different treatments are counted in order to obtain the functional relationship between the yield and fertilizer application (ie, fertilizer effect). equation). According to the equations, not only the effect of increasing production of different elements of fertilizers, but also the effect of combined application of fertilizers can be intuitively seen, and the economic application rate (optimum amount of fertilizer), upper limit of fertilization, and lower limit of fertilization can also be calculated separately. Make the basis for this recommended amount of fertilizer. The advantage of this method is that it can objectively counter the combined effects of various factors affecting fertilizer efficiency, with high accuracy and good feedback. The disadvantage is that there are regional limitations. It is necessary to arrange multiple tests on different types of soil and accumulate data for different years, which takes a long time. 2. The nutrient abundance index method uses the correlation between the measured values ​​of soil nutrients and the soil nutrients absorbed by the crops. Through field experiments on different crops, the measured values ​​of the soil are determined by a certain level difference, etc. Fertilizer quantity search table. To obtain soil measurements, you can determine the amount of fertilizer applied to the search table. The advantage of this method is that it has a strong sense of straightness, and it is easy and convenient to set fertilizer. The disadvantage is that the accuracy is poor. Due to the difference in soil physicochemical properties, the correlation between the measured value of soil nitrogen and the yield is very poor. Generally, it is only used for the fixed fertilizer of phosphorus, potassium and trace element fertilizer. 3. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio method determines the amount of fertilizers for other nutrients by quantifying a nutrient, and then determines the amount of fertilizers for other nutrients according to the proportions of various nutrients, for example, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, phosphorus, etc. . The advantage of this method is that it reduces the workload and is easily understood by the people. The disadvantage is that the ratio of nutrient uptake by the crop to the nutrient is different from that of the fertiliser. It does not necessarily reflect the actual situation of nutrient deficiency in practical terms. Because of the different supply intensity of soil nutrients, the fertilizer requirement as a supplementary nutrient only compensates for the lack of soil. Therefore, when implementing this certain fertilizer method, it is necessary to pre-select field tests to make appropriate proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers that meet the objective requirements for different soil conditions and crops. The three methods of formula fertilization can complement each other and are not mutually exclusive. When a specific formula fertilization plan is formed, one method may be used as the main method, and other methods may be used in conjunction with each other. The advantage of this approach is that it can absorb the advantages of each method, eliminate or reduce the existing shortcomings, and determine the actual amount of fertilizer that is more practical before delivery.

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