Grafting cultivation is the main way to maintain good seed in fruit tree production. However, due to improper grafting methods or poor management after production, the survival rate is often low and the grafting effect is affected. In the long-term production practice of the people in Lingtai County, Gansu Province, the following measures were taken to significantly increase the survival rate of fruit trees in spring.
First, suitable grafting. Spring branches should not be carried out prematurely. Generally, the grafting survival rate should be the highest from the bud to the leaf stage. During this period, the sap flows, the temperature is high, and the wound healing is favorable afterwards. In Lingtai, apples, pears, peaches, and apricots were grafted before and after Qingming, and persimmon and walnuts were grafted from late March to early April. The grafting rate of jujube in late April was high. When grafted prematurely, the scion was exposed to the air for a long time, lost water, low temperature, poor healing, and unfavorable survival; grafting too late affected the growth of the year.
Second, scion moisturizing. The scion used for the spring branch is best cut at the time of grafting. The scion in winter sand should be fresh and must not contain mildew or water. Since the loss of water from the scion is one of the main factors affecting survival after grafting, the prevention of water loss from the scion is the key to improving survival. The main measures applied in the production of Lingtai County are:
1. In jujube grafting, wax scion is popularized. The mineral wax is melted and melted, and the jujube scion is rapidly placed in 2 to 3 seconds to allow the scion to be evenly affixed with wax, which effectively prevents the loss of water in the scion and improves the grafting survival rate. The scion wax should master the time can not be too long, otherwise sticky wax layer thickness, then easy to fall off.
2. Apricot trees are popularized when they are grafted. When grafting almond trees, people in Lingtai use plastic bags to increase their survival rate. The effect is ideal. Before grafting, self-made plastic bags are made of mulch. Generally, the mulching film is cut into 2 to 3 cm strips, folded in two, and then hot-pressed with a thin wire to form a tube, cut into small tubes of about 15 cm, and bonded to a port. Grafting bag, with grafting with bagging. In this way, the microenvironment of the grafted site is improved, and the temperature and humidity are increased, which is very favorable for the production of callus and can effectively increase the survival rate of grafting.
3. When walnut grafting, promote the grafting site to wrap the plastic strip. After walnut grafting, the grafting site is carefully tied from head to tail with a plastic strip, and only one bud is exposed. This way the scion grows in a closed environment with high temperature and humidity, favorable callus production and high survival rate.
Third, grafting methods should be flexible. Different tree species should be grafted using different methods. Pome fruit and stone fruit trees can be connected by splicing or cutting. In order to facilitate the production of callus, 2 to 3 mm white spots should be left when scioning. Walnuts, grapes and other tree species should be grafted with tongue-based, in order to increase the contact surface of the rootstock, promote the formation of callus, improve the survival rate. In addition, the rate of grafting is faster, and there are tannins in the branches of persimmon and walnut trees. The incisions are exposed to the air for too long, and are easily oxidized and browned, affecting survival, and thus the grafting speed is faster. When the people of Lingtai mass are grafting, they generally include the scion in their mouths to prevent the oxidation from turning brown. This works well.
Fourth, to strengthen the management of the post, to promote the robust growth of grafted plants.
1. In addition to sprouting buds: grafted fruit trees, due to buds to produce callus, the general sprout than the rootstock late, rootstock early germination, often consume a lot of water, nutrients, affecting the survival of the scion, so in time after grafting to wipe the bud In order to facilitate the smooth and orderly growth of buds.
2. Bundle pillars: After grafting and survival, due to the strong root system of the rootstocks, the supply of nutrients for water is sufficient. After the scions germinate, they generally grow rapidly. When the winds are large in summer and autumn, they are prone to chapped. Therefore, after grafting and survival, the pillars should be tied in time. To prevent chapping.
3. Unbundling and Unbundling: As the grafted tree grows rapidly, if it is not loosened in time, it will break off and affect the survival. Therefore, one month after the grafting survives, it should be loosened once and the ligatures should be released after 2 to 3 months. To ensure that the grafted plants grow robustly.
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