Soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematode diseases, blight, verticillium wilt, sclerotinia, epidemics, and root rot in vegetables are important obstacles to the production of vegetables in the suburbs of Beijing. The prevention and control methods conventionally adopted in production are the use of medicinal soils before planting. Liquid soil disinfection, but it is difficult to comprehensively, efficiently, and continuously control the soil-borne diseases, but also easily lead to negative effects of the pharmaceutical, especially the organic vegetable base does not allow the use of chemicals. In order to promote the construction of a new round of “vegetable basket†project and the promotion of the vegetable industry, it also provides safe and effective technologies for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases for organic vegetable bases. The following describes several non-pharmaceutical soil disinfection methods for reference.
Solar high-temperature soil disinfection: It is suitable to be applied in the summer leisure period after the vegetables are pulled in the winter and spring, and before the autumn and winter vegetables are planted. After removing the stubble, weeds should be removed, thoroughly clean the garden, deeply pour the soil, and crush the soil. Apply 100 kg of calcium cyanamide per acre (not to be used in organic vegetable bases) and chopped straw or crushed wheat straw, and shredded corn stalks. 1000 kg per mu (used in fresh water can be increased to 3,000 kg per mu), or chicken droppings are about 2 mu per mu, evenly ploughing, with ridge length 100 cm-120 cm, ridge height 35 cm-45 cm, do north-south direction Highly ridged, and dig a width of 5 cm to 10 cm in the south side of the walkway, film the membrane, press and seal in the east, south, and west directions, and flood the membrane from the northern end of the furrow to the back of the ditch, until the water penetrates. When the ditch is 2/3, the northern end is also tightly sealed and finally all the air outlets are closed. The greenhouse is closed for 20 days to 40 days according to the planting time and weather.
Horseradishrin fumigation soil disinfection: horseradish is extracted from plants, can kill a variety of harmful organisms in the soil, and is environmentally safe. After ridging, cover the ground surface with a complete shed film, compact the soil around the ground, open the drip valve, clear the drip irrigation for about 10 minutes, close the valve, and apply an appropriate amount of solution in the fertilizing tank at 5 litres per hectare of 20% horseradishine and open the drip irrigation. Until the amount of water is suitable for the valve, the membrane is sealed for 3 days. The membrane is sown or planted after 1 to 2 days.
Ozone fumigation soil disinfection: The technology is the use of ozone disinfection of self-controlled normal temperature aerosol application kit, ozone gas to kill pests in the soil. After the soil is ploughed, ridged, and the membrane is closed, the self-controlled ozone sterilizer is turned on. The ozone gas is continuously passed into the closed system under the membrane and the plants are planted after 3 days to 5 days.
Precautions: The soil sterilized by the above method is a clean and fragile environment. Attention should be paid to the protection of the effect. Check the seedlings, manure, watering, agricultural implements and other aspects to prevent the introduction of harmful organisms such as root-knot nematodes. Through the sheds, at the same time pay attention to the application of high-quality organic fertilizer or biological bacteria fertilizer to make the soil as soon as possible to establish a good micro-ecological environment. In addition, the use of horseradish or ozone fumigation soil disinfection requires specialized equipment and certain operating techniques, should be conducted under the guidance of professional and technical personnel.
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