In China, more than 700 million tons of crop stalks are produced each year, but only about 30% of them are used as raw materials for the papermaking, construction and handicraft industries. The remaining 500 million tons of straw are burned or discarded, causing not only waste but also massive incineration and environmental pollution. , Soil mineralization, and even bring other social losses. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to promote the comprehensive development and utilization technology of crop stalks, make rational use of these resources and realize its potential, and to achieve sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy. 1. Although straw straw contains low nutrient content, crude fiber content is high (31% to 45%), and protein content is low (3% to 6%), it is properly processed and supplemented with appropriate amount of roughage. Other essential nutrients still meet the various nutritional needs of livestock. China has a tradition of using crop stalks to raise livestock and poultry, and has thus cultivated a number of excellent livestock and poultry breeds with high reproductive rates and resistance to roughage. At the same time, there is a complete set of straw feed technology. 1 physical processing technology method. This is a kind of processing method that uses artificial, mechanical, heat, water, pressure, etc., to change the physical properties of straw to break, soften, and degrade the straw, thereby facilitating chewing and digestion of livestock. Practice has proved that the straw is not cut short, the livestock can only feed 40% to 60%, but after short-cut or crushed straw, almost all can be fed by livestock. Commonly used processing methods include cutting and shredding, kneading, softening, thermal spraying, puffing, granule treatment, and grinding. 2 chemical treatment methods. It is the use of some chemicals to deal with straw, to break the nutrient barriers of straw, while improving the utilization of straw on livestock. The experimental results show that the ammoniation of straw can increase the digestibility of feed by about 10%. After straw ammonia-alkali composite treatment, the digestibility of wheat straw can be increased to 66.5%, and the digestibility of straw can be increased to 71%. At the same time, the feed intake of animals can increase significantly. The commonly used treatment methods include alkaline treatment, ammoniating treatment, acidification treatment, oxidant treatment, ammonia-alkali composite treatment, alkali-acid composite treatment and the like. 3 biological treatment methods. It is a method for decomposing cellulose and lignin which are difficult to be digested by livestock under suitable conditions using beneficial microorganisms (such as lactic acid bacteria, yeasts) and enzymes. According to the experimental results, after wheat straw micro-storage treatment, the digestibility of dry matter in vivo can be increased by 24.14%, the crude fiber in vivo digestibility is increased by 43.77%, and the organic matter digestibility is increased by 29.4%. Commonly used processing methods include natural fermentation, microbial fermentation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. 2. Straw culture technology The straw is processed by crushing and composting, and then used as clams to feed clams.蚯蚓 contains a variety of amino acids and abundant crude protein, not only can be used to supplement the lack of livestock and poultry protein feed, but also for medicine. Practice has proved that 25 kg to 30 kg of straw bait can produce 1 kg of fresh quail, and 70% of maggot can be obtained. Rubbish feces is also a good organic fertilizer, containing high organic matter, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and contains a variety of trace elements and nitrogen-based acids, is the most necessary nutrients for plant growth. 3, straw as a base material production of edible fungi technology using crop straw as a base for cultivation of edible fungi, not only from a rich source, low prices, but also can alleviate other base materials such as cottonseed husk and other base materials are increasingly scarce and high prices and affect the production of edible fungi, Greatly increased the source of raw materials for mushroom production. At the same time, the bacillary dysentery that is produced after the mushroom is a nutrient-rich bacterial protein feed, which can be used as feed to return to the field and can also be returned directly to the field as high-quality organic fertilizer. 4. Straw returning technology Crop straw contains a large amount of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements. It can be returned to the field directly by mechanical or biological treatment, which can effectively improve the soil, increase soil productivity, and reduce production. Cost, improve the output and quality of agricultural products. This technology mainly includes straw smashing and field return, root smashing and smashing returning, whole stalk burial and field return, whole stalk squeezing and field returning, and stacking and returning fields. 5. Other technologies 1 Straw energy utilization technology. The carbon content of crop straw fibers accounts for more than 40%, which is a very good energy substance. This technology mainly includes straw biomass gasification technology, straw incineration power generation technology and fuel ethanol production technology. In addition, the use of straw raw materials by drying or drying, crushing, under the conditions of the insulation from the air, to obtain solid charcoal, can be processed into a variety of uses of charcoal. 2 straw industrial utilization technology. Crop straw is a raw material for industrial products. In addition to papermaking raw materials, fiber from straw can also be used as a raw material to process fiber density boards, plant mulch, etc., straws are used as raw materials to make cutlery and packaging materials, and fiber from straw is used. As a filler material, wood is pressed into various types of fiberboards, lightweight heat-insulating wallboards and other products based on cement and resin.