A period of one month and a half of the first half of the cow's half a month before delivery is called the perinatal period. Care of the perinatal dairy cows will affect the health of the cow (including the udder, uterus, and lyrical conditions) and will directly affect the milk production during the entire lactation period. At this stage, the cows have undergone great changes in their physiology, their resistance to the disease has decreased, and they are susceptible to disease. Therefore, scientific feeding and management must be carried out. The antenatal cows of the cows during the perinatal period of cows are transferred to the maternity ward, and the rearing method is still carried out by the method of dry milk. That is, high-quality hay is suitable for feeding with the fine material. The feeding amount of the concentrate can be fed according to the dry-milk period standard and is generally supplied from 3kg to 5kg per day. The specific feeding amount can be determined by cows. For cows with edema and cows with significant inflation, it is necessary to add less concentrate. For cows with little change in breasts, good appetite, and slim shape, the cows can be fed with more concentrate. It is not possible to cause rushing milk and prevent prenatal milk production. After the cows are transferred to the delivery room, care should be taken to reduce the calcium and salt levels in the diet. Reducing the salt content can prevent cows from rushing too fast before giving birth, which is beneficial to the recovery of appetite after cow production. Decreasing the calcium content can prevent postpartum metabolic disorders and reduce the incidence of metabolic diseases. The amount of prenatal salt can be reduced from the original 75 grams to 100 grams per day to 30 grams to 50 grams, that is, from the original 1.5% to 0.5% or less. The amount of calcium can be reduced to 1/2 to 1/3. Within 2 days to 3 days before the cows are born, care must be taken to increase some easily digestible, bran-reducing bran to prevent cows from constipation. The specific method can add 30kg to 50kg of bran to cows per 100kg of concentrate. Cows post-natal cows consume a lot of labor during childbirth, and their postpartum physique is weak. The principle of feeding is to promote physical recovery. Immediately after delivery, cows should be given hot bran salt calcium soup or millet porridge. The practice of bran salt calcium soup is: warm water 10kg ~ 20kg, bran 500g, salt 50g, calcium carbonate 50g. The practice of millet porridge is millet 500g ~ 1000g, add water 15kg ~ 20kg, boiled into porridge and brown sugar 500 grams, cool to about 40 °C drinking cows. Feeding cows from 2 days to 3 days postpartum should be based on good quality hay, supplemented with some digestible concentrates. If 3kg of bran and corn are fed every day, the calcium and salt content of the diet will gradually increase from 2 days to 3 days later. The method can be used to replace bran and corn with concentrates. Normally, 1/3 is replaced on the 3rd day after childbirth, 1/2 is replaced on the 4th day, 2/3 is replaced on the 3rd day, and 6th day is all fed with the concentrate. If the appetite is good, the feces is normal, and the breast edema disappears 7 days after the cow is born, start feeding the silage and supplement the concentrate. The supplement amount of fine material is 0.5kg to 1kg per day. Cows should drink warm water at 37°C for the first 7 days after delivery, and should not drink cold water to avoid gastroenteritis. After 7 days, drinking water can be reduced to 10°C to 20°C. After the perinatal nursing cattle enter the perinatal period, the conditional ranch shall establish a delivery room. At the very least, the grazing shall be centralized and set up. The bed is dry, ventilated and quiet. After the cows are concentrating, they should be sent by special personnel to prepare enough obstetric products. Increase grazing before and after calving (can reduce dystocia and facilitate recovery). However, cows of old age and inconvenience should stop grazing to avoid cows from falling. Cattle delivery should be made as natural as possible. If you really need midwifery, disinfection work must be in place. After childbirth, you should do the following tasks. Feed warm brown sugar water immediately after delivery (as above). Cows should stand up after giving birth. Replace the bedding in time, keep it dry and soft, and pay attention to the bleeding of the genital tract and the discharge of the placenta. If abnormalities are detected, do a timely check of the genital tract. Postpartum milking. The amount of milk on the first day after delivery can be 1/3 of the daily output, and it can be gradually increased after the second day. The lactation and digestive function can be restored to normal milking on the 4th to the 5th day, which can effectively prevent milk fever. Nipples naturally discharged from cows should be changed according to lochia, to do with the drug for uterine irrigation, the drug is best used alternately. Tyre suits are not less than cows, and uterine processing should be performed in August-September if the birth is more than 12 hours. It is best to combine systemic treatment to prevent the occurrence of other complications. Restoration of the uterus is controlled 15 to 20 days after childbirth, which is conducive to the first occurrence of estrus after birth and reduction of uterine inflammation, and maintain a normal puerperal interval. If gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases occur during the perinatal period, diagnosis and treatment should be promptly conducted. There should be a 24-hour on-duty system during the peak period of calving. The cows were observed on the shifts in the tank. Once the antifeedant occurred, a systemic diagnosis should be made. Cows often have poor systemic immunity during the first postpartum period. If the milker is a little careless, it will cause new-born cattle mastitis. At this time, mastitis tends to be fiercer. It must be treated early to avoid causing other diseases.
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