Membrane mechanical covering technology is a mechanized agricultural technique that uses specialized machinery to apply plastic film over crops. This method replaces traditional manual film laying, offering significant improvements in efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and performance under various weather conditions.
One of the main advantages of this technology is its ability to save both materials and labor. Mechanized film application uses less plastic compared to manual methods, with an average reduction of 1 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares) for ultra-thin films. This leads to substantial cost savings, often exceeding ten yuan per mu. Additionally, it requires only 0.05–0.08 man-hours per mu, significantly reducing labor costs. In contrast, manual methods may require at least three workers per acre, with each hour costing around 20 yuan, making the cost difference quite noticeable.
Another benefit is its improved wind resistance. Manual operations are typically limited to days with light winds (2–3 on the Beaufort scale), while mechanical systems can operate effectively in winds up to 6–7, allowing farmers to complete their work even in challenging weather conditions. This capability helps prevent delays and ensures timely crop protection.
Mechanized film laying also reduces physical strain on farmers. Traditional methods involve multiple separate tasks such as soil preparation, planting, and tamping, which require extensive manual effort. With mechanical equipment, these tasks can be completed in one pass, drastically lowering labor intensity and increasing overall productivity.
Moreover, this technique boosts crop yields by improving soil temperature and moisture retention. It's especially beneficial in mountainous or semi-mountainous regions with low temperatures and short growing seasons. By covering seedbeds with plastic, the ground warms more quickly, extending the growing period and enabling the cultivation of longer-season varieties. For corn, this can lead to yield increases of 50–250 kilograms per mu, demonstrating its strong impact on production.
However, there are technical challenges, such as residual film management, seedling emergence, and increased input costs. Therefore, the technology is most commonly used in areas with low accumulated temperatures and frequent early frosts, as well as in plains for high-value cash crops to meet market timing demands.
When using mechanical film-laying equipment, careful attention must be paid to several key factors. First, the selected film should have a width of at least 20–50 cm, be tightly wound, and free from defects like breaks or twists. Using ultra-thin film (0.005–0.008 mm thick) can help reduce material costs.
Equipment selection depends on the size of the field—large machines for large plots, and smaller units for fragmented land. All parts, including the opener, laminating wheel, and soil cover device, should be properly aligned and adjusted according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The machine must remain level and straight during operation.
During operation, the machine should be placed correctly, the film stretched evenly, and the laminator applied slowly to ensure proper coverage. Operators should maintain a steady speed (typically 3–5 km/h) and minimize stops to avoid disruptions. Turning the machine should be done carefully, with the spraying system turned off first.
On windy days, the retaining plate should be secured to prevent wind damage, and any spray devices should be shielded to avoid drift. After the operation, the film should be smooth, tightly sealed, and properly covered with soil to ensure effectiveness.
In summary, membrane mechanical covering technology offers a modern, efficient, and effective solution for agricultural film application, bringing numerous benefits to farmers while requiring careful planning and execution for optimal results.
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