Mallard wild life habits and provenances

The mallard duck is native to reed beds near shallow rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and other water bodies with abundant vegetation. These birds are highly adaptable, inhabiting a wide range of environments. They are strong fliers and swimmers, often feeding in groups. Their diet mainly consists of aquatic plants, including shoots, stems, leaves, seeds, and algae, as well as insects and small aquatic animals like mollusks. During the winter, mallards can be commonly found in the Yellow River Basin and the central and southern parts of the Yangtze River, making them one of China's most common migratory birds in the colder months. In spring and summer, they migrate northward to regions such as Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, western Xinjiang, southern Tibet, and Siberia. Mallards build their nests using grasses, reeds, aquatic plants, and their own feathers. Breeding typically occurs in lakes, riverbanks, marshes, or shallow embankments from April to June. Male mallards reach sexual maturity at around 150 days old, while females begin laying eggs at about 80 days. Each female lays between 8 to 14 eggs annually, with the peak egg-laying season occurring from May to August. Some imported varieties, such as American and German mallards, can lay up to 185 eggs per year. Due to their thick eggshells, mallard ducks usually take 2 to 3 days longer to hatch compared to domestic ducks. Most of the winter-migrating mallards reside in China. For artificial breeding, wild ducks can be captured from natural waters and kept in enclosures for a period to acclimate to human presence. Once accustomed, they can be raised alongside domestic ducks. To ensure successful breeding, male and female wild ducks are kept together in appropriate ratios before the nesting season so that they can naturally breed and lay eggs for hatching or artificial incubation. Another method involves searching for wild mallard nests during April to June in their breeding grounds. Nests are usually hidden among grasses along the water’s edge, in puddles on beaches, or on embankments. The eggs, which are slightly light gray-green in color, can be collected and either placed under domestic ducks or artificially incubated. High-quality mallards can also be obtained from specialized wild duck hatcheries.

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