For many walnut novice growers, how to improve the production of their own walnuts is one of the most wanted problems, but now there are widespread problems in many places where fertilization is unreasonable. Today we are going to study the fertilization experience of the Walnut Institute of the Economic Research Institute of Weinan City to see if there is any place for you.
1 Fertilizer mix
(1) Fertilizers that can be mixed. During the storage or use of the fertilizer during mixing or mixing, the chemical composition of the fertilizer will not cause loss of nutrients or decrease in effectiveness, nor will the physical properties of the fertilizer be deteriorated, and the fertilizer efficiency and efficacy will be reduced. It can even improve the physical properties of fertilizers and reduce the adverse effects of various fertilizers on crop growth.
(2) Fertilizers that can be temporarily mixed. Immediately after the fertilizer is mixed, there will be no adverse effects, but long-term placement after mixing will cause loss of effective nutrients or deterioration of physical properties.
(3) Fertilizers that cannot be mixed. Some fertilizers can cause nutrient loss and reduce fertilizer efficiency. These fertilizers cannot be mixed (Table 1). For example, alkaline fertilizers and ammonia nitrogen fertilizers (causing ammonia volatilization), alkaline fertilizers and calcium superphosphate (reducing fertilizer availability).
Table 1 Common fertilizer mixing table
Note: Blank means you can mix, + means you can mix temporarily, - means you can't mix.
2 fertilization methods
(1) Soil fertilization
1 annular groove application, often used for young trees below 4 years old, projecting an annular groove along the outer edge of the canopy.
2 strips are applied, on the inner side of the canopy edge projection, and one fertilization ditch is drilled on both sides of the tree along the row. The groove length is 1/2 of the crown width, and the second year is perpendicular to the digging.
3 Radial ditch application, commonly used for trees of 5 years old or above, with 4 to 8 radial grooves digging outward from the trunk. The length of the ditch depends on the size of the canopy and the number of grooves.
4 points of point fertilization, more suitable for scattered trees, the result of large trees, around the trunk, in the side of the canopy projection edge, dug into a number of evenly distributed fertilization points. The above fertilization ditch is 30-40 cm deep and 40-50 cm wide. The base fertilizer can be buried deeper and the top dressing can be shallower. Mix the cooked soil with the fertilizer and fill it in the lower part. Cover the raw soil and water it after fertilization.
(2) Foliar spray fertilizer
Foliar spray fertilizer is a cost-effective fertilization method with less fertilizer, quick effect, high utilization rate, and can be sprayed with a variety of pesticides, especially for water-deficient areas. Foliar spray fertilizer can not only provide a large number of elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, but also provide trace elements such as zinc, boron, manganese and copper.
3 Fertilization time and fertilization amount
(1) Base fertilizer (soil fertilization). The fertilization amount of walnut trees should be determined according to the size of the crown, the age of the trees, and the tree potential. According to the age of the tree, it is divided into four stages: the young age, the initial stage of the fruit, the fruiting period and the senescence period.
1 Young age. The young age means that the seedlings are grown from the seedlings to the flowering results before the grafted seedlings are grafted to the flowering result. Fertilization during this period can promote the expansion of the tree and the expansion of the crown.
2 The initial results. It refers to the period when walnuts start to produce a large number of results and the yield is relatively stable. During this period, the tree continued to expand and expand, and the lateral roots and capillary roots on the main roots proliferated. As a result, a large number of branches formed and the yield increased year by year. The demand for nitrogen fertilizer was still large, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were appropriately increased.
3 fruit period. It is a period of a large number of walnuts. The vegetative growth and reproductive growth are relatively balanced, and the yield benefit is at a peak stage. The tree requires a lot of nutrients.
4 aging period. It refers to the period when the production begins to decline, the growth of new shoots is extremely small, the backbone branches begin to deplete and senescence, and the internal result branches are weakened to death. In this period, the tree body is rejuvenated by pruning, and the supply of nitrogen fertilizer is increased, vegetative growth is promoted, and the tree potential is restored. Table 2 shows the amount of fertilization per square meter of canopy projected area of ​​each walnut age, the amount of fertilizer applied per walnut tree = the amount of fertilizer per unit of crown projection area × the projected area of ​​the canopy. Among them, the special formula fertilizer in fertilizer 1 is based on the formula of fertilizer 2 and the special fertilizer for walnut produced by Gansu Minfeng Technology Development Co., Ltd., and the fertilizer 2 is the fertilizer formula in the patented “fertilization method of high-yield soil walnut treeâ€. The base fertilizer should be completed before the fruit is harvested and before the leaves, and it is appropriate to use the middle and late October.
Table 2 The amount of canopy projection per square meter of walnut at different ages
(2) Foliar spray fertilizer. Foliar fertilizers can be selected from urea, superphosphate, potassium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, borax, etc., supplementing a large number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and other trace elements (Table 3). Spraying boron or boron plus urea during flowering can significantly increase the fruit setting rate. Spraying ferrous sulfate from May to June can make the leaves of the tree thick and promote photosynthesis. Spraying potassium sulphate from July to August can effectively improve the quality of nucleolus.
Table 3 Common Concentrations and Spraying Periods of Walnut Foliar Spraying
Foliar spray fertilizer should be carried out after 8: 00-10: 00 or 16: 00. It is not suitable for rainy or windy weather. If it rains after spraying, it will be applied after fine weather. Foliar spray fertilizer can be carried out during the flowering period, the new shoot growth period, and the mixed flower bud differentiation period.
The above content was reprinted from the headline number Qingqianliu, and I hope to inspire the farmers who planted walnuts.
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