Jinggu Yi and Yi Autonomous County is located in the southwestern part of Yunnan Province. It is a typical south subtropical monsoon climate with an annual average temperature of 20.3 degrees and an average annual rainfall of 1295.8 mm. The annual frost-free period is 346 days. The annual sunshine hours are 1993.5 h, and the annual average relative humidity is 78. %, with the diversity of biological resources and the high efficiency of biological productivity, is the golden zone of white and planting development. At present, the planting area of ​​the county has reached 4,845 mu, and 4,845 mu of white and all harvested are expected to achieve a total agricultural output value of 580 million yuan. Baihe industry has become an important industry for Jinggu farmers to increase their income. Today Xiaobian talks about Jinggubai and high-yield cultivation techniques.
I. White and overview
1, white and definition
The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2015 edition) contains the dry tubers of the orchids white and white as authentic white.
2, plant characteristics
White and plant height 30-60 cm, with 2-3 forks with rhomboid, leaves 3-6, lanceolate or broadly lanceolate; racemes terminal, often 3-8 flowers, lavender Red, petal irregular; capsules cylindrical, with 6 longitudinal edges, small seeds; flowering period 4-5 months, fruiting period 8-10 months.
3. Growth characteristics
White and not cold-resistant, prefer warm, cool and damp environment; require fertile, loose and well-drained sandy soil or humus loam; require cultivation on shady slopes or damp areas.
4, medicinal value
White and has the effect of astringent hemostasis, swelling and muscle growth, can be used for hemoptysis, vomiting blood, traumatic bleeding, sore swollen, skin rupture, tuberculosis, hemoptysis and other diseases.
Second, seedling cultivation
1. Asexual reproduction
The white bulbs and other parts of the bulbs were separated from the mother plants and planted into separate new plants; the ramets were in the dormant period, and the plants began to grow well; the newly cut pseudobulls were 1-2 days after the division. Make the wound slightly dry and reduce the decay; when planting the fake bulb, make the bud head upward, and the root should be stretched when planting the root.
2, seedling live
The nursery should choose a flat plot with long light time, sufficient water source, and road and electricity. Spread the seeds evenly on the seedbed, then cover the seedbed with the ash, and cover the seed with a thickness. Then cover the plastic film. Do a good job of moisturizing and keeping warm, and the seeds will germinate after about 20 days. In the white and nursery period, careful management, timely weeding, topdressing, pest control, etc., when the seedling grows to 3-4 cm, it must be moved to the domesticated seedbed.
3, cultivation time
June-August is appropriate every year.
4. Site selection and seedling finishing
(1) Site selection
Choose a place with convenient transportation, sufficient water supply and power connection. The planting soil is Pingba sandy loam.
(2) Seedling finishing
After fine ploughing, flatten the wow surface, excavate the large ditch (width 70cm, depth 60cm) around the block, excavate the middle ditch (width 50cm, depth 40cm) in the block, and then dig a small ditch (width 40cm, depth 15cm) ), from the 1.4 m wide ridge surface, build a 2 m high shade shed, the shade network density is 90%, install atomized sprinkler irrigation.
(3) Substrate laying
The bark and the tree slag are separated by the thickness of the sieve, and the thick part is laid on the ridge surface with a thickness of 5 cm as the bottom substrate; the fine slag and the decomposed organic fertilizer are evenly spread on the underlying substrate, each ridge The surface must be leveled and the total thickness of the substrate is 10 cm.
(4) transplanting
When the white and the seedlings grow to 5 leaves, the seedling height is 20 cm, the pseudobulb is more than 1 cm, and the sprouting mouth begins to form, it can be transplanted. It is too difficult to spray the substrate on the seedbed before transplanting. The first time, water should be sprayed, and then spray water for 5 minutes every day to fully neutralize the acid, alkali and fertilizer of the substrate. When transplanting, the roots of white and seedlings were placed in the planting ditch, the soil and fertilizer were mixed, and the roots of the seedlings were covered completely. The planting distance was 20 cm, and 6 white and seedlings were planted in each row of planting ditch. After planting, root water should be poured in time to keep the soil moist. If it is rainy, no watering is needed.
Third, field management
1. Irrigation
The temperature is high, the air humidity is small, and the water spray time is long every morning and evening; when the temperature is low, it only needs to spray water in the morning, and the water does not spray water during the rainy season.
2, drainage
Exclude water and ground water in the soil voids, strengthen the role of aerobic microorganisms in the soil, promote the mineralization of white and debris, and avoid damage.
3. Coverage
Straw, Simao pine needles, wheat straws, etc. are spread on the planting ground to improve the ecological environment of the kneading surface, prevent evaporation of hot water, and also have the functions of heat preservation and antifreeze, prevention of birds and weeds.
4, cultivating weeding
Remove weeds in time to reduce nutrient loss; prevent the spread of pests and diseases; loosen the soil and distribute air.
5, shading
To avoid the danger of high temperature and strong light, it is necessary to set up a shed to cover the shade; after transplanting, the transmittance in the shed must be adjusted according to different growth and development periods.
6, fertilization
Fertilization time should be carried out on sunny or cloudy days, white and vigorous growth at temperatures of 20-30 degrees, and topdressing once a month.
Fourth, harvesting, processing
White and harvested in the 4th year after planting, mostly in August-October. When excavating, first remove the dead leaves on the ground, and then use the two-toothed hoe to carefully dig the tubers and shake them to the soil for transport.
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