Saffron, also known as saffron and saffron, is a perennial bulbous flower of the genus Saffron, which is native to Iran, India, Spain, and Morocco. It is now cultivated in Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu. Saffron has a wide range of uses. It can be used for the treatment of measles, fever, jaundice and other diseases. It can also be used in industrial dyes, spices and food supplements. It is the main raw material for natural food pigments and high-grade cosmetics. The world's most expensive spice, "red gold" and so on. Today, Xiaobian talks about saffron orchard interplanting technology.
1 Requirements for environmental conditions
Saffron is the autumn flowering bulb flower. It likes the semi-yin environment and is more resistant to cold. It is suitable for planting in sandy loam with good drainage and rich humus. The saffron bulbs are dormant in summer, roots and buds in autumn, and bloom in October.
2 Orchard interplanting
The principle that saffron should follow
In the orchard, the medicinal materials such as saffron are mainly applied, and the following principles should be followed:
(1) According to the biological characteristics of different fruit trees and Chinese herbal medicines, a reasonable field structure is formed.
(2) The proportion of configuration should be appropriate, adhere to the principle of fruit trees and complementary advantages.
(3) Interplanting local special and authentic herbs.
(4) Strengthen field management, promote mutual benefit, and ensure fruit harvests.
3 Orchard interplanting saffron main technical essentials
3.1 Young fruit orchard interplanting
After the fruit trees are planted, it is necessary to properly plant the low saffron varieties, the planting density is 15cm×10cm, and the planting depth is 10cm, which can reduce the loss of soil nutrients and increase the income.
3.2 Adult orchard interplanting
3.2.1 Reasonable control of planting density
The adult-aged orchard is planted between rows, and the densely planted orchard can be planted in 2 rows. The thin orchard can be planted in 3 rows, the plant spacing is 15cm×10cm, and the ditch is planted with a depth of 10cm.
3.2.2 Scientific management of soil nutrition
In October-November, according to the situation of orchard nesting, combined with the basic fertilizer technology of the age-old orchard, 150kg of commercial organic fertilizer will be added per mu of land before planting. After 20 days of planting, 2,500 kg of manure per acre of land was poured with water. When the saffron returned to green in February of the second year, 3000-4000 kg of human and animal manure per acre was applied to the water. From the beginning of the vigorous period in March, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once every 10 days, and spray 2 to 3 times.
3.2.3 Reasonable regulation of moisture
When the soil moisture is insufficient, it is necessary to water it in time; the orchard that protects the rain from the facility should strengthen the soil management to ensure the water supply during the growing season.
3.2.4 Pay attention to anti-freezing seedlings
In the case of severe cold weather, anti-freezing measures should be taken in time, and a layer of hay can be covered on the raft to prevent freezing.
3.2.5 timely removal of side buds
After entering the orchard, if it is found that the ball has extra side buds growing out, it will be removed in time to ensure the concentrated supply of nutrients.
3.2.6 timely weeding loose soil and good pest control
Weeds in the wet plots grow rapidly after the spring warms up, and weeds need to be removed in time.
The main pests of saffron include small tigers and crickets. The main diseases are rot disease and brown spot disease. The key points are to do agricultural control measures such as fertilizing soil fertility, rational rotation, orchard clearing, prevention of water accumulation, and taking agricultural control measures.
3.2.7 Do a good job in bulb harvesting and storage
When the branches and leaves of the saffron on the ground gradually turn yellow in April-May, the iron shovel can be carefully harvested from the end of the planting line. When storing and storing, it should be classified according to the disease, loss, size, etc., and stored in different categories. At the same time, the storage environment should be light, cool and ventilated.
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