To enhance photosynthesis and improve the efficiency of photosynthetic production, we need to start from the following aspects.
1. First, increase the light transmittance of the greenhouse lighting surface, improve the lighting conditions, and make full use of light energy. Light is the source of energy for photosynthesis. The intensity of light in the greenhouse and the length of light exposure are the main factors that determine the level of photosynthetic output. The maximum use of light energy is not only the main condition for plants to increase photosynthetic yield, but also the source of heat for greenhouses in cold weather conditions. The indoor light intensity, in addition to the seasonal changes, is influenced by the shape and angle of the translucent surface of the greenhouse, the type and condition of the plastic film, the greenhouse stent and the population structure.
Translucent surface angle, according to the research of Professor Xing Yixian of Shandong Agricultural University, it is known that with the change of the angle between the slope surface and the ground, the solar transmittance and the incident energy obviously change. In the three months from December to February of the following year, when the lighting surface is at 10 degrees, the incident amount of sunlight at noon is 6467 kJ/m 2 °C hours; when the lighting surface is at 20 degrees, the amount of sunlight entering is 7557 kJ. At 2°C/m, an increase of 16.9% over 10°; at 30°, sunlight incidence is 8699.7 kJ/m 2°C hour, which is 15.1% more than at 20°C; at 40°C, it increases. More.
Therefore, when we build a greenhouse, without affecting the performance of wind insulation, as long as the conditions allow, the greater the angle of the translucent surface, the more conducive to light transmission.
In addition, as described above, the shape of the lighting surface, the type and condition of the film, the projection ratio of the lighting surface and the rear slope surface, and the hanging of the reflective screen can significantly affect the lighting conditions in the greenhouse.
2, extend the lighting time. The winter sunshine duration is short. Under conditions that do not significantly affect insulation, the grass curtains should be pulled as soon as possible in the early morning and grass curtains in the late afternoon. The grass curtains should be timely exposed on cloudy days in order to make full use of the sun, extend the lighting time, and increase the photosynthetic yield. .
3, increase the crop's own photosynthetic efficiency. Choose varieties that are resistant to low light and high photosynthetic efficiency, and use 600-times “Tianda-2116†liquid medicine, or liquid medicines such as Kangkai, Brassinolide, and photosynthetic micronutrient, etc. to spray the plants successively and repeatedly to start the crop itself. The vitality of life improves the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves.
4. The optimum temperature for maintaining the growth and development of crops. The photosynthetic intensity of plants is closely related to temperature, and each plant can only perform photosynthesis under appropriate temperature conditions. Under normal circumstances, the minimum temperature for photosynthesis in most vegetable crops is 0--2°C, the suitable temperature range is 10-35°C, the optimum temperature is 25-30°C, and photosynthesis is significantly lower than 35°C. Photosynthesis stopped at 40-45°C. Therefore, when growing vegetables, in order to increase its photosynthetic efficiency and reduce respiratory consumption, the room temperature should be adjusted to the most suitable or substantially suitable temperature range.
5. Add carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to increase photosynthetic efficiency.
6. Scientific and rational water supply and fertilization: Water is the raw material for photosynthesis of plants, and it is also a necessary condition for plants to carry out all life activities. Mineral elements are an important component of plant cell nutrition. Through its roots, plants absorb water and various mineral elements from the soil and maintain normal life activities. Therefore, scientifically appropriate, timely application of organic fertilizers, fertilizers and trace fertilizers, timely and appropriate irrigation, ensure the supply of fertilizers and water, continuously meet the needs of plants for water and mineral elements, improve the vitality of plants, but also improve the efficiency of photosynthetic production. One of the major and most effective ways.
7, adjust the structure of the group, try to increase and maintain a large and effective photosynthetic area. The plant is a green factory that carries out photosynthesis and produces organic matter. The leaves are the workshops. Chloroplasts and chlorophyll are energy converters that convert light energy into chemical energy and produce organic matter. Therefore, leaf area and chlorophyll are influencing the photosynthetic yield. A major factor.
1. The leaf area refers to the number of lines: The size of the leaf area is represented by the leaf area index. Generally, under open field conditions, when the plant leaf area index is less than 3, the photosynthetic yield decreases with the reduction of leaf area index. If the leaf area index is greater than 5, due to the mutual shade of the leaves, the lighting conditions deteriorate, and the photosynthetic yield instead increases with leaf area. The index decreases and increases. A reasonable leaf area index is 3--5. Therefore, the positive leaf area is only positively related to the yield. In the production practice, we must not blindly expand the leaf area so as to avoid waste, consume water and fertilizer, deteriorate the lighting conditions, and cause a decline in production. Instead, it is not worth the candle. In view of the fact that the light intensity in the greenhouse is significantly lower than the light intensity in the exposed conditions and the uneven distribution of indoor light, in order to make full use of the light energy and increase the effective leaf area, the first time before planting, the first is dense, the latter is short, and the latter is high. In the management, the overall height should not exceed two-thirds of the greenhouse height; reasonable close planting or close planting should be implemented; north-south direction should be implemented to reduce inter-row shading; intercropping should be promoted and three-dimensional planting should be promoted to promote early leaf area as soon as possible. The expansion of the control of the late leaf area refers to the (family) number, so that it is maintained between 2 - 2.5 (empirical data); to cut off too dense leaves and aging leaves, sick leaves, timely desolation, to avoid mutual cover Shade, maintain large and effective leaf area, increase photosynthetic yield.
2. Leaf age and leaf dynamics: The photosynthetic capacity of the young leaves of the crop is very weak. When fully grown into strong leaves, the photosynthetic capacity is the strongest. After the leaves are senescent, the photosynthetic capacity rapidly declines. Therefore, in the management of greenhouses, the light, temperature, fertilizer and water conditions should be met as early as possible to promote its early-onset leaves, fast-growing leaves, expand the leaf area as soon as possible in order to increase production. However, as the crop grows, the leaf area index expands and mutual shading gradually increases. Therefore, when the leaf area index reaches 2.5, it should also be controlled to continue to grow, promptly eradicate shoots, shoots, remove the senescent leaves of the base, increase the proportion of young leaves, reduce consumption, improve lighting conditions, and maintain strong photosynthesis.
8. Increased chlorophyll content Leaf chlorophyll content is closely related to photosynthetic intensity. The photosynthetic intensity of leaves with dark green leaves and high chlorophyll content was significantly higher than that of leaves with light leaf color and low chlorophyll content, sometimes differing by 2-3 times. Chlorophyll, like other organic substances in plants, is constantly updated. For example, the chlorophyll content of spinach can be updated more than 95% after 72 hours.
The formation of chlorophyll is closely related to light, temperature, moisture, and nutrient supply.
Light: Light is a necessary condition for the formation of chlorophyll. Crop leaves only rely on light to generate chlorophyll and turn green.
Temperature: Chlorophyll formation requires a certain temperature, generally the lowest temperature is 2-4°C, the highest temperature is 40-48°C, and the most suitable temperature is 26-30°C. Moisture: The lack of water in the leaves not only hinders the formation of chlorophyll, but also accelerates the decomposition of chlorophyll. Therefore, when the crop is exposed to drought, the chlorophyll is destroyed, which is the main reason for the yellowing of the leaves.
Mineral elements: Nitrogen, magnesium, sulfur, iron, and other elements are the main components that make up chlorophyll and are essential for the formation of chlorophyll. Such as: nitrogen deficiency is yellow and green leaves, nitrogen is sufficient, the dark green leaves; lack of magnesium, chlorophyll is difficult to form or be destroyed and the performance of veins between the yellow and green.
In summary, in order to increase the chlorophyll content of the plant and increase the photosynthetic productivity, it is also necessary to improve the lighting conditions, maintain the appropriate temperature, and improve the supply of water and various mineral elements.
9, choose a good variety. Excellent varieties have high photosynthetic efficiency and strong adaptability and high yield. Under the same conditions, it can achieve higher yields and benefits. In greenhouse vegetable cultivation, mid-late and late-maturing varieties with strong resistance to disease, strong growth potential, and high quality and high yield should be selected to obtain high yield and high efficiency according to the characteristics of greenhouses.
10. Use "free deep plowing" soil conditioners during site preparation, timely apply 1000 times of "drought and dry harvest" or 600 times stronger roots and strong type "Tianda-2116" liquid irrigation to improve soil structure and increase soil porosity. Degree, deepen the thickness of living soil layer, promote deep loose and transparent soil, provide good ecological conditions for root growth and development, promote the development of the root system, so as to achieve the purpose of deep rooted leaves and high photosynthetic productivity.
11. Coordinate and balance the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. It is necessary to ensure that the plant grows robustly, but also allows it to differentiate flower buds and flowering results continuously, maximize their production cycle, and increase production.
12. Do a good job of comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases to maintain the robust growth potential of crops and obtain high quality and high yields.
Chlorophyll is one of the most important pigments related to photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy by synthesizing a number of organic compounds. Chlorophyll is present in virtually all organisms that can create photosynthesis, including green plants, prokaryotic blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) and eukaryotic algae. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from light, and the energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
Chlorophyllin,Lutein,Natural Chlorophyllin,Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin
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