In the recent long-term rainy weather, a large amount of precipitation has had a certain impact on the normal growth of dry grains such as corn. The National Corn Industry System Changsha Comprehensive Experimental Station and the Hunan Crop Research Institute jointly proposed disaster response measures for corn and other dry crops. Planter reference.
First, the impact of rainy weather on corn production
In response to the continuous rainy weather in the province, the National Maize Industry System Changsha Maize Comprehensive Experimental Station conducted investigations on the five counties of Cili, Yongshun, Wugang, Yizhang and Shuangfeng. The results are as follows:
1. The growth process of corn in the province is due to continuous rainy weather, the number of light hours is small, and the effective accumulated temperature is less, more than one week later than normal years, and some areas are postponed for 10-15 days.
2, some of the hills have poor pollination, a small number of varieties due to heavy rain washing caused poor pollination, serious stalks occur.
3. The disease in the late growth stage of corn is expected to occur more seriously than normal. Because of the high precipitation, the humidity in the field is large, and the temperature rises rapidly after the rain stops. This will lead to corn stalk rot, sheath blight, rust and ear rot, which will be more serious than normal.
Second, production response measures
1. Unblock the “three ditch†drainage in time
Due to long-term precipitation, there are different levels of water in the field. The rainy stop interval should be grasped to dredge the “three ditch†drainage to prevent water accumulation in the field. Spring corn has reached the first to the middle of grouting. At this time, if it is flooded for 48 hours, it will have little effect on the growth and development of corn, and will not cause a reduction in production. The main effect is insufficient light, which affects grain filling and baldness and reduces production.
Most of the summer corn sown after rapeseed harvesting is in the period of jointing to the small trumpet stage. The flooding has a great influence on its growth. First, it should be washed and protected. After rushing to drain the water, clean the blades immediately to remove dirt. The seedlings that are covered with lodging should be supported to promote their normal growth; the second is to see the seedlings fertilizing. After the corn is flooded, the root activity declines and the ability to absorb fertilizer is weakened, which tends to cause the stems and leaves to be yellow. Therefore, the topdressing should be carried out according to the time, extent and growth of the corn. During the jointing stage, the summer corn is planted with urea 1-1.5 kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100-150 g, and 50 kg of water is sprayed on the foliar surface. The small bell mouth summer corn can be supplemented with 3 kg of urea. Third, the labor is sufficient. A manual cultivating can be carried out to remove weeds and loose soil. Fourth, a small part of the flowering stage should be properly artificially pollinated to prevent the occurrence of empty stalks.
2, strengthen disease prevention
It is expected that corn stalk rot, sheath blight and ear rot will be more serious than normal in the late growth stage of maize, and should be prevented early. Sheath blight: 30% benzepane emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times, 5% Jinggangmycin aqueous agent 1 00~1 50 0ml/mu, etc., prevention and treatment 2-3 times; Ear rot: 70% methylthiobacteria Ling wettable powder 800 times, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times, 80% mancozeb 500 times spray, focus on the base of the sprayed fruit; Stem-based rot (Bacterium wilt): 50% carbendazim 600 Double or 20% triazolone 1000 times liquid spray control, spray again every 5-7 days. Metalaxyl 400 times liquid or carbendazim 500 times liquid spray roots or roots, spray once every 7-10 days, continuous treatment 2-3 times, have a better therapeutic effect.
3, summer corn appropriate early application of panicle fertilizer
As the growth of summer maize is weaker than that of the same period of the previous year, it is appropriate to apply panicle fertilizer in advance, or apply a quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as a joint fertilizer in advance to promote corn growth and development.
3. Other dryland management measures
In the case of flooding, soybeans, sweet potatoes, etc. are generally taken to wash the leaves and protect the seedlings. After rushing to drain the water, rinse it with clean water to remove dirt. It is necessary to support the lodging of the lodging, promote its normal growth, and improve the photosynthetic capacity of the upper functional leaves. At the same time, look at the seedlings. Foliar fertilization is generally used, and 1-1.5 kg of urea and 100-150 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are used for foliar application of 50 kg of water. If the spring soybeans have been granulated, if the market is in good condition, the soybeans will be harvested and listed, reducing losses.
For example, if the rain continues to develop and the fields cannot be restored normally, the crops such as autumn corn, autumn soybean, autumn sweet potato, buckwheat and mung bean can be replanted before the end of July.
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