First, the purpose of fertilizing tea garden
The purpose of fertilizing tea gardens is mainly to meet the needs of tea growth, to provide tea plants with necessary nutrients and to improve the soil.
Second, the tea tree nutrients needed
During the growth and development of tea plants, there are more than 40 kinds of nutrients such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, iron, aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. Among them, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen mainly come from air and water. Acquired, while other nutrients are mainly from the soil, in the nutrient elements from the soil, the largest number of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium requirements, also known as the three elements of tea (vegetable) nutrition. Since tea leaves are used as objects, nitrogen is the main factor in the three elements. Therefore, the selection of suitable fertilizer for the growth of tea trees plays a key role in improving the yield and quality of tea.
Third, the choice of fertilizer
One is to select fertilizers based on the biological characteristics of tea trees (tea trees are suitable for growing in an acidic soil environment): Fertilization causes significant changes in soil pH. If alkaline fertilizers or physiologically alkaline fertilizers are applied to the tea plantations, the pH (pH) of the tea plantations will increase, and when the pH of the tea plantations increases beyond the suitable range for the growth of tea plants, the growth of tea plants will be affected. Therefore, in addition to some strong acidic tea gardens need to properly adjust the pH, it is generally not appropriate to apply alkaline fertilizers, such as: liquid ammonia, sodium nitrate, lime, etc., it is best to use acidic fertilizers, physiological acidic fertilizers or neutral fertilizers, such as: Superphosphate, potassium sulfate, urea, etc.
The second is to use fertilizer according to the soil characteristics of tea gardens: Fertilization is not only to provide nutrition for crops, but also an important agricultural technology measure to cultivate soil. Therefore, tea tree fertilization should also be based on the characteristics of the soil and use the right fertilizer. For example, in Xinyi’s young tea gardens, due to the small tree cover area and less litter, the decomposition rate of soil organic matter is faster than the accumulation rate. Therefore, more grassy fertilizer with higher cellulose content, decomposed farmyard fertilizer, and green manure should be used. , Turn it into soil as a fertilizer at appropriate time; For mature tea gardens with rich soil organic matter and strong fertilizer-preserving abilities, more fertilizer-rich cake fertilizers should be applied; for soils with heavy clay texture and poor ventilation, more soil fertilizer should be applied ( Stacked soil) For ponds with coarse texture, heavy sand, and good ventilation, more ponds, lakes, rivers, etc. should be used. For soils where the parent material is limestone, acid fertilizers can be used to reduce the amount of soil. PH value (acidity); and for the acidity of the tea garden, to change the application of neutral fertilizer or fertilizer containing more calcium to regulate the acidity of the soil to prevent the soil from continuing to acidify.
Fourth, fertilization time
The use of basal fertilizer in tea gardens is early. Generally, after entering the autumn, when the above-ground part of the tea tree stops growing, it should be combined with winter plowing and weeding. It should be sooner rather than later. Because the base fertilizer used in tea plantations is mainly organic manure (decomposing farmyard manure), the release of nutrients is relatively slow. In order to provide nutrients to tea plants in a timely manner, base fertilizers must be properly applied early to decompose and release nutrients in the soil as early as possible, so as to increase tea tree fertilizers. The utilization of tea tree increases the absorption and accumulation of nutrients, which is conducive to the cold-resistant overwintering of tea trees and the formation and germination of new spring tea in the second year, so as to increase the yield and quality of tea.
Fifth, the amount of fertilizer
Tea garden base fertilizer to give enough, that is, more quantities. Because most of the farmyard manure is a slow-effect organic fertilizer with low nutrient content, only sufficient fertilizer can be applied to achieve soil improvement and meet the needs of tea tree growth for nutrients. Generally not less than 70% of the whole year, must not let the tea tree “winter†winter. When applying basal fertilizer, appropriate amounts of phosphorus, potash, and cake fat should be combined. The dosage is generally as follows: young tea plantation applies 750 kilograms of organic fertilizer per acre, cake fertilizer 50-100 kilograms, superphosphate 25 kilograms, potassium sulfate 15 kilograms; mature tea plantation applies organic fertilizer 1500-2500 kilograms per acre, cake fat 100-150 kg, 25-50 kg of superphosphate and 15-25 kg of potassium sulfate.
Sixth, application method
Tea garden fertilization should be relatively concentrated. The position of mature basal fertilizer in mature tea plantations should be ditched vertically below the edge of the canopy, and the depth should be 20-30 cm. The young tea gardens that did not form a bonze face were planted at the seedlings, and the fertilization points were rooted at a distance from the neck: 5-10 years for tea trees from 1-2 years and 10-15 cm for 3-4 years. Flatland tea gardens are fertilized on one or both sides, and hillside tea gardens or tea gardens with ladders are used to fertilize fertilizers above the tea line to prevent fertilizer loss.
Fertilize deep base fertilizer to deepen. Because the tea tree is a deep-rooted plant, its root system has the characteristic of fatness, deep application can play the absorption capacity of the tea tree root system to the deep soil layer and expand the root system, in order to improve the resilience of the tea tree, ensure the tea tree safe winter. The general age of harvesting tea gardens is 20-30 cm deep, 1-2 years old 15-20 cm tea trees, and 2-3 years old tea trees 20-25 cm. The soil should be covered with soil to prevent fertilizers from evaporating and affecting their fertilizer efficiency.
Then the basal fertilizer that you choose is of better quality. It can both improve the soil and slowly provide the nutrients needed by the tea tree.
In short, the base fertilizer in autumn and winter in tea gardens should be based on different tea gardens, use the most suitable fertilizer application, and achieve the "first, second, three, four good" requirements.
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