The high-pressure mercury lamp is a high-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with a phosphor coated on the inner surface of the glass bulb, soft white light and simple structure. Low cost, low maintenance cost, can directly replace ordinary incandescent lamps, with long luminous efficiency, long life, economical and economical features, suitable for industrial lighting, warehouse lighting, street lighting, flood lighting safety lighting. The light emitted by the high-pressure mercury lamp does not contain red, and the object it emits is blue, so it is only suitable for lighting in squares and streets. In addition to the high-pressure mercury lamp for general lighting, there is also a reflective lamp (HR) with a reflective film on the outer casing, a copying lamp suitable for 300-500 nm diazo photosensitive paper, a black light for advertising and display, and an erythema. The effect of the medical solar lamp is used as a photosynthetic chemistry for nylon raw materials, and a mercury lamp for ultraviolet curing of paint, ink polymerization and drying.
Highpressuremercurylamp
The high-pressure mercury lamp is composed of a quartz arc tube, an outer bulb (usually coated with phosphor), a metal bracket, a resistor and a lamp cap. The arc tube is a core component filled with mercury and an inert gas. When discharging, the internal mercury vapor pressure is 2-15 atmospheres, so it is called a high pressure mercury lamp. The high-pressure mercury lamp uses an advanced lamp making process to make the high-pressure mercury lamp have higher luminous efficiency and longer life. It emits white light, has a color temperature of about 4100K, and is economical. It is widely used in indoor and outdoor industrial lighting and road lighting.
Self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamp, because the product does not require an external ballast, it is very convenient to use. Its luminous efficiency is twice that of incandescent lamps, its life span is 10 times that of incandescent lamps, and it is economical. It is widely used in indoor and outdoor industrial lighting, courtyard lighting, street lighting and other fields.
High-pressure mercury lamps typically use an inductive ballast with shunt compensation capacitors. Another self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamp, because a tungsten wire is installed in the outer bulb as a ballast, it is not necessary to use an external ballast for convenient use.
The structure of the high-pressure mercury lamp refers to a mercury vapor arc lamp with a mercury vapor pressure of 51-507 kPa, a main emission wavelength of 365.0 nm, and a comparable energy of 327.3 kJ/mol.
High-pressure mercury lamp is a UV-cured standard lamp. It has a large heat and needs to be cooled by air or water, but it has high power and is suitable for photocurable coatings and ink coating lines requiring fast curing rate. The high pressure mercury lamp is an efficient and long life electric light source. It consists of a fluorescent bulb and a discharge tube. The discharge tube is thin and short, only the size of a human finger, containing high-pressure mercury vapor, and a cotton-shaped fluorescent bulb outside the discharge tube. After being energized, the discharge tube generates strong visible light and ultraviolet rays, and the ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the fluorescent bulb to emit a large amount of visible light. When the high-pressure mercury lamp is in operation, the current passes through the high-pressure mercury vapor to cause ionization excitation to form a collision between electrons, atoms and ions in the discharge tube to emit light. The resonance line (extraradiation spectrum) with a wavelength of 253.7 nm is absorbed during discharge, and the intensity of the line is increased by a spherical high-pressure mercury lamp, and the main radiation is visible lines of 404.7 nm, 435.8 nm, 546.1 nm, and 577.0 to 579.0 nm, in addition to Long-wave ultraviolet rays with a strong radiation of 365.0 nm. When the lamp is working, the mercury vapor in the arc tube is divided into mercury gas discharge lamps of 105 Pa or more. The outer bulb is transparent and coated with a phosphor. The latter is called a fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp. It replaces the ballast in the working circuit from the filament resistor and is connected in series with the arc tube and is housed in the outer bulb. This kind of mixed light (mercury lamp and incandescent lamp) is convenient and light color, but its light efficiency and life are greatly reduced. The ordinary 400W fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp has a color temperature of about 5000K, a general color rendering index of about 40, a luminous efficiency of 60 lm/W, and a lifetime of 6000 hours. The mercury vapor leakage of the mercury lamp and the broken use of the lamp after the lamp is scraped contain a certain amount of mercury, which is called “mercury slagâ€. If it is not properly treated, it will contaminate the soil, the water will harm the crop, the fruit or vegetable or be Ingestion of animals and human bodies and suffering.
When the high-pressure mercury lamp is ignited, the mercury vapor pressure is 2 to 5 atmospheres, and the inner tube is made of quartz glass. The ultraviolet spectrum of the high-pressure mercury lamp is broadened and blue-green, which can be used for photochemical reactions, lithography machines, ultraviolet detection and fluorescence analysis. High-pressure mercury lamp is a UV-cured standard lamp. It has a large heat and needs to be cooled by air or water, but it has high power and is suitable for photocurable coatings and ink coating lines requiring fast curing rate.
A typical structure of a typical structure of a high pressure mercury lamp with a typical structure of a high pressure mercury lamp. The center of the lamp is a discharge tube made of quartz glass. The tube is filled with a certain amount of mercury and argon. Tungsten was used as the main electrode and filled with an alkaline earth metal oxide electron-emitting substance. The electrode and quartz glass are non-matched hermetic joints with molybdenum foil. The start-up typically employs an auxiliary electrode that is connected through a 40-60 kΩ resistor to non-adjacent electrodes. In addition to protection, the enclosure also protects the environment from the effects of the lamp. The inner surface of the outer casing is coated with phosphor to become a fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp. The role of the phosphor is to supplement the insufficient red line in the high pressure mercury lamp while improving the light efficiency of the lamp. Yttrium-activated yttrium vanadate (YVO□:Eu) phosphors have been used.
Photoelectric characteristics and basic parameters When the lamp is applied with the power supply voltage, a glow discharge is generated between the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode, which is instantaneously transferred between the main electrodes to form an arc discharge, and the mercury vapor reaches a steady state after a few minutes. After the lamp is extinguished, it must be naturally cooled. After the vapor pressure drops to a certain value, it can be restarted. The time takes about 5 to 10 minutes.
When the power supply voltage fluctuates, the lamp parameters change. The high-voltage mercury lamp's power supply voltage changes and the lamp characteristics change (using the inductor ballast to light). The luminous efficiency of a high pressure mercury lamp increases as the unit arc length power increases. The general color rendering index (Ra) is 40 to 45, and the spectral distribution of the high-pressure mercury lamp has a lifetime of 12,000 hours. The improved 400W fluorescent lamp has a high-pressure mercury light flux of 23,500 lm, a color temperature of 2,350 K, a general color rendering index of 53, and a lifetime of 20,000 hours.
Ordinary high-pressure mercury lamps have a negative resistance characteristic, and must be connected to the corresponding ballast when in use. In order to overcome this disadvantage, a filament connected in series with the discharge tube inside the high pressure mercury lamp housing can be used instead of the external ballast, and the corresponding light source is called a self-ballasted high pressure mercury lamp. The lamp uses the light mixing to improve the color rendering of the ordinary high-pressure mercury lamp, and makes up for the shortcoming of the red light of the ordinary high-pressure mercury lamp, and reduces the startup time of the heating. However, while the startup and heating time are shortened, the filament life is also shortened accordingly. Therefore, the life of the self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamp mainly depends on the filament life; since the discharge power of high luminous efficiency and the filament power ratio of low luminous efficiency are unfavorable, The total luminous efficiency of the high-pressure mercury lamp decreases from 35 to 50 lm/W in the outer town to 18 to 25 lm/W. Self-ballasted high pressure mercury lamps are easy to use. In the 1980s, the output of self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamps in China accounted for about 50% of the total output of high-pressure mercury lamps.
The working principle is a high-pressure mercury lamp with a glass casing. This mercury lamp is usually activated by an auxiliary electrode, and the auxiliary electrode is connected to a non-adjacent electrode through a resistor R of 40 to 60 kΩ. When the lamp is connected to the grid, a voltage of 220 volts AC is applied between the auxiliary electrode and the adjacent main electrode. The distance between the two electrodes is very close, usually only 2 to 3 mm, so there is a strong electric field between them. Under the action of this strong electric field, the gas between the two electrodes is broken down, a glow discharge occurs, and the discharge current is limited by the resistance R. If R is too small, the electrode will burn out. The glow discharge between the main electrode and the adjacent auxiliary electrode generates a large amount of electrons and ions, and the charged particles diffuse between the two main electrodes, causing a discharge between the main electrodes and quickly transitioning between the two main electrodes. Arc discharge. In the initial stage of lamp ignition, low-pressure mercury vapor and hydrogen are discharged. At this time, the tube pressure drops very low, about 25 volts; the discharge current is very large, about 5-6 amps, called the starting current. The heat released during low-pressure discharge increases the temperature of the pipe wall, the mercury gradually vaporizes, the mercury vapor pressure and the lamp voltage gradually increase, the arc begins to shrink, and the discharge gradually transitions to high-pressure discharge. When all of the mercury has evaporated, the tube pressure begins to stabilize and enters a stable high-pressure mercury vapor discharge.
High pressure mercury lamps take a period of time from start-up to normal operation, usually 4 to 10 minutes.
After the high pressure mercury lamp is extinguished, it cannot be started immediately. Because the lamp maintains a high mercury vapor pressure inside the lamp, the lamp vapor is cooled and the mercury vapor is condensed before it can be ignited again. The cooling process takes 5 to 10 minutes. At high mercury vapor pressures, the lamp cannot be re-ignited because the free path of electrons is very short. At the original voltage, electrons cannot accumulate enough energy to ionize the gas.
The high-pressure mercury lamp has high luminous efficiency, and it is above 35-65 streams/watt. In addition to high luminous efficiency, high-pressure mercury lamp can emit strong ultraviolet rays, so it can not only be used for illumination, but also for sun exposure, health care sunbathing, chemical synthesis. , plastic and rubber aging test, fluorescence analysis, flaw detection and so on. Because of its high light efficiency, the high-pressure mercury lamp has a small illuminant and high brightness, which is suitable for outdoor lighting. However, its light color is blue, green, and lacks red components, so the object cannot fully display the original color.
If the mercury vapor pressure in a high-pressure mercury lamp is greater than 10 atm, it becomes an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, and the luminous efficiency will increase accordingly.
High-pressure mercury lamps have higher luminous efficiency, but the brightness is not high enough. In many occasions, such as various optical instruments and projection systems, high-intensity light sources of up to 10 to 10 centimetres (Cd/cm) are required, and ultra-high pressure mercury lamps are such a light source.
Highpressuremercurylamp
The high-pressure mercury lamp is composed of a quartz arc tube, an outer bulb (usually coated with phosphor), a metal bracket, a resistor and a lamp cap. The arc tube is a core component filled with mercury and an inert gas. When discharging, the internal mercury vapor pressure is 2-15 atmospheres, so it is called a high pressure mercury lamp. The high-pressure mercury lamp uses an advanced lamp making process to make the high-pressure mercury lamp have higher luminous efficiency and longer life. It emits white light, has a color temperature of about 4100K, and is economical. It is widely used in indoor and outdoor industrial lighting and road lighting.
Self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamp, because the product does not require an external ballast, it is very convenient to use. Its luminous efficiency is twice that of incandescent lamps, its life span is 10 times that of incandescent lamps, and it is economical. It is widely used in indoor and outdoor industrial lighting, courtyard lighting, street lighting and other fields.
High-pressure mercury lamps typically use an inductive ballast with shunt compensation capacitors. Another self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamp, because a tungsten wire is installed in the outer bulb as a ballast, it is not necessary to use an external ballast for convenient use.
The structure of the high-pressure mercury lamp refers to a mercury vapor arc lamp with a mercury vapor pressure of 51-507 kPa, a main emission wavelength of 365.0 nm, and a comparable energy of 327.3 kJ/mol.
High-pressure mercury lamp is a UV-cured standard lamp. It has a large heat and needs to be cooled by air or water, but it has high power and is suitable for photocurable coatings and ink coating lines requiring fast curing rate. The high pressure mercury lamp is an efficient and long life electric light source. It consists of a fluorescent bulb and a discharge tube. The discharge tube is thin and short, only the size of a human finger, containing high-pressure mercury vapor, and a cotton-shaped fluorescent bulb outside the discharge tube. After being energized, the discharge tube generates strong visible light and ultraviolet rays, and the ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the fluorescent bulb to emit a large amount of visible light. When the high-pressure mercury lamp is in operation, the current passes through the high-pressure mercury vapor to cause ionization excitation to form a collision between electrons, atoms and ions in the discharge tube to emit light. The resonance line (extraradiation spectrum) with a wavelength of 253.7 nm is absorbed during discharge, and the intensity of the line is increased by a spherical high-pressure mercury lamp, and the main radiation is visible lines of 404.7 nm, 435.8 nm, 546.1 nm, and 577.0 to 579.0 nm, in addition to Long-wave ultraviolet rays with a strong radiation of 365.0 nm. When the lamp is working, the mercury vapor in the arc tube is divided into mercury gas discharge lamps of 105 Pa or more. The outer bulb is transparent and coated with a phosphor. The latter is called a fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp. It replaces the ballast in the working circuit from the filament resistor and is connected in series with the arc tube and is housed in the outer bulb. This kind of mixed light (mercury lamp and incandescent lamp) is convenient and light color, but its light efficiency and life are greatly reduced. The ordinary 400W fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp has a color temperature of about 5000K, a general color rendering index of about 40, a luminous efficiency of 60 lm/W, and a lifetime of 6000 hours. The mercury vapor leakage of the mercury lamp and the broken use of the lamp after the lamp is scraped contain a certain amount of mercury, which is called “mercury slagâ€. If it is not properly treated, it will contaminate the soil, the water will harm the crop, the fruit or vegetable or be Ingestion of animals and human bodies and suffering.
When the high-pressure mercury lamp is ignited, the mercury vapor pressure is 2 to 5 atmospheres, and the inner tube is made of quartz glass. The ultraviolet spectrum of the high-pressure mercury lamp is broadened and blue-green, which can be used for photochemical reactions, lithography machines, ultraviolet detection and fluorescence analysis. High-pressure mercury lamp is a UV-cured standard lamp. It has a large heat and needs to be cooled by air or water, but it has high power and is suitable for photocurable coatings and ink coating lines requiring fast curing rate.
A typical structure of a typical structure of a high pressure mercury lamp with a typical structure of a high pressure mercury lamp. The center of the lamp is a discharge tube made of quartz glass. The tube is filled with a certain amount of mercury and argon. Tungsten was used as the main electrode and filled with an alkaline earth metal oxide electron-emitting substance. The electrode and quartz glass are non-matched hermetic joints with molybdenum foil. The start-up typically employs an auxiliary electrode that is connected through a 40-60 kΩ resistor to non-adjacent electrodes. In addition to protection, the enclosure also protects the environment from the effects of the lamp. The inner surface of the outer casing is coated with phosphor to become a fluorescent high-pressure mercury lamp. The role of the phosphor is to supplement the insufficient red line in the high pressure mercury lamp while improving the light efficiency of the lamp. Yttrium-activated yttrium vanadate (YVO□:Eu) phosphors have been used.
Photoelectric characteristics and basic parameters When the lamp is applied with the power supply voltage, a glow discharge is generated between the main electrode and the auxiliary electrode, which is instantaneously transferred between the main electrodes to form an arc discharge, and the mercury vapor reaches a steady state after a few minutes. After the lamp is extinguished, it must be naturally cooled. After the vapor pressure drops to a certain value, it can be restarted. The time takes about 5 to 10 minutes.
When the power supply voltage fluctuates, the lamp parameters change. The high-voltage mercury lamp's power supply voltage changes and the lamp characteristics change (using the inductor ballast to light). The luminous efficiency of a high pressure mercury lamp increases as the unit arc length power increases. The general color rendering index (Ra) is 40 to 45, and the spectral distribution of the high-pressure mercury lamp has a lifetime of 12,000 hours. The improved 400W fluorescent lamp has a high-pressure mercury light flux of 23,500 lm, a color temperature of 2,350 K, a general color rendering index of 53, and a lifetime of 20,000 hours.
Ordinary high-pressure mercury lamps have a negative resistance characteristic, and must be connected to the corresponding ballast when in use. In order to overcome this disadvantage, a filament connected in series with the discharge tube inside the high pressure mercury lamp housing can be used instead of the external ballast, and the corresponding light source is called a self-ballasted high pressure mercury lamp. The lamp uses the light mixing to improve the color rendering of the ordinary high-pressure mercury lamp, and makes up for the shortcoming of the red light of the ordinary high-pressure mercury lamp, and reduces the startup time of the heating. However, while the startup and heating time are shortened, the filament life is also shortened accordingly. Therefore, the life of the self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamp mainly depends on the filament life; since the discharge power of high luminous efficiency and the filament power ratio of low luminous efficiency are unfavorable, The total luminous efficiency of the high-pressure mercury lamp decreases from 35 to 50 lm/W in the outer town to 18 to 25 lm/W. Self-ballasted high pressure mercury lamps are easy to use. In the 1980s, the output of self-ballasted high-pressure mercury lamps in China accounted for about 50% of the total output of high-pressure mercury lamps.
The working principle is a high-pressure mercury lamp with a glass casing. This mercury lamp is usually activated by an auxiliary electrode, and the auxiliary electrode is connected to a non-adjacent electrode through a resistor R of 40 to 60 kΩ. When the lamp is connected to the grid, a voltage of 220 volts AC is applied between the auxiliary electrode and the adjacent main electrode. The distance between the two electrodes is very close, usually only 2 to 3 mm, so there is a strong electric field between them. Under the action of this strong electric field, the gas between the two electrodes is broken down, a glow discharge occurs, and the discharge current is limited by the resistance R. If R is too small, the electrode will burn out. The glow discharge between the main electrode and the adjacent auxiliary electrode generates a large amount of electrons and ions, and the charged particles diffuse between the two main electrodes, causing a discharge between the main electrodes and quickly transitioning between the two main electrodes. Arc discharge. In the initial stage of lamp ignition, low-pressure mercury vapor and hydrogen are discharged. At this time, the tube pressure drops very low, about 25 volts; the discharge current is very large, about 5-6 amps, called the starting current. The heat released during low-pressure discharge increases the temperature of the pipe wall, the mercury gradually vaporizes, the mercury vapor pressure and the lamp voltage gradually increase, the arc begins to shrink, and the discharge gradually transitions to high-pressure discharge. When all of the mercury has evaporated, the tube pressure begins to stabilize and enters a stable high-pressure mercury vapor discharge.
High pressure mercury lamps take a period of time from start-up to normal operation, usually 4 to 10 minutes.
After the high pressure mercury lamp is extinguished, it cannot be started immediately. Because the lamp maintains a high mercury vapor pressure inside the lamp, the lamp vapor is cooled and the mercury vapor is condensed before it can be ignited again. The cooling process takes 5 to 10 minutes. At high mercury vapor pressures, the lamp cannot be re-ignited because the free path of electrons is very short. At the original voltage, electrons cannot accumulate enough energy to ionize the gas.
The high-pressure mercury lamp has high luminous efficiency, and it is above 35-65 streams/watt. In addition to high luminous efficiency, high-pressure mercury lamp can emit strong ultraviolet rays, so it can not only be used for illumination, but also for sun exposure, health care sunbathing, chemical synthesis. , plastic and rubber aging test, fluorescence analysis, flaw detection and so on. Because of its high light efficiency, the high-pressure mercury lamp has a small illuminant and high brightness, which is suitable for outdoor lighting. However, its light color is blue, green, and lacks red components, so the object cannot fully display the original color.
If the mercury vapor pressure in a high-pressure mercury lamp is greater than 10 atm, it becomes an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, and the luminous efficiency will increase accordingly.
High-pressure mercury lamps have higher luminous efficiency, but the brightness is not high enough. In many occasions, such as various optical instruments and projection systems, high-intensity light sources of up to 10 to 10 centimetres (Cd/cm) are required, and ultra-high pressure mercury lamps are such a light source.
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