In recent years, the rapid development of the vegetable industry has become the main way for farmers to increase their income. In vegetable cultivation, due to the extensive and extensive use of chemical pesticides for a long period of time, the quality of vegetables has been declining, the resistance of pests and diseases has become increasingly serious, the atmosphere, soil, and water have been contaminated, and the amount of pesticide residues in vegetables has increased, causing greater harm to human health. Therefore, safe and rational scientific use of drugs is an important measure to produce pollution-free vegetables, reduce pesticide residues in vegetables, and ensure consumer safety.
1 Disable highly toxic and highly toxic high residue pesticides
National regulations stipulate high-toxicity pesticides such as parathion, methyl parathion, monocrotophos, aldicarb, carbofuran, ammonium phosphate, isopropyl phosphorus, methamidophos, omethoate, formazan, etc. High-residue pesticides such as DDT, BHC, etc., are used on vegetables that are teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic to humans, such as insecticidal fleas and herbicidal ethers. The selection of pesticides for the production of pollution-free vegetables must comply with relevant state regulations and use low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides to reduce pesticide residues in vegetables.
2 right remedy
Correctly diagnose the types of pests and diseases, select appropriate counterpart pesticides, and prevent the misuse of pesticides due to misdiagnosis, resulting in increased pesticide residues on vegetables and delaying the control period. To this end, we must strengthen the knowledge of vegetable pests and diseases, master the diagnosis and control techniques, and achieve symptomatic medication.
3 pay attention to drug application technology
The use of chemical pesticides to control pests and diseases must be uniformly sprayed on the surfaces of plants and pests so that the pests can be exposed to pesticides, thus achieving the purpose of insecticide treatment. How to make pesticides fully play the role of efficacy, we must pay attention to pesticide application technology according to the mechanism of pest infestation, so that with a small amount of pesticides, receive higher control efficiency.
3.1 correctly grasp the application concentration. Pesticides used in production should be arbitrarily increased or decreased according to the amount provided in the instructions. The large amount of drugs not only wastes pesticides, but also causes plants to produce phytotoxicity, increase the amount of pesticides on vegetables, pollute the environment, and affect the health of consumers; reduce the amount of drugs used, and do not receive the expected effects of insecticide treatment, but also cause losses. .
3.2 Alternating compounding medication. Using a single pesticide for a long period of time can easily make the pest resistant. If the systemic fungicide is used for a long period of time, it is very easy for the bacteria to develop drug resistance, and if a single pesticide is used for a long period of time, pests are also susceptible to drug resistance. The ace fungicide, acetobacter once known as the phytophthora mold, was used to control cucumber downy mildew in the 1980s. The resistance of the bacteria to the drug was increased to 700 times in 1993; In the middle period, it was used to control Botrytis cinerea. In the middle of 1990s, the resistance of the bacteria had increased to 680 times. There are more than 30 kinds of pests in the country, and more than 10 kinds of germs have produced different degrees of resistance to dozens of pesticides. As pests have become resistant to pesticides, vegetable farmers have used a method to increase the amount of drugs in order to increase the control effect. As a result, artificially screened offspring with stronger resistance, and then increased the concentration of drugs, the resistance of disease and insects was further enhanced, resulting in a vicious Cycles cannot solve the problem of pest control. Rotating or reconstituting medications is a way to effectively delay pest resistance. It must be pointed out that advocating rotation and compounding is not a matter of mixing as many pesticides as possible. It is necessary to understand the nature of the pesticides and to mix them purposely, otherwise they will not receive the expected results.
3.3 Change pesticide formulations, use smoke agents, dust agents. Using greenhouses and greenhouses that can be hermetically sealed, the use of smoke agent fumigation and dust to prevent vegetable pests and diseases in greenhouses is more effective than spraying to prevent and control labor, labor, and medicine, and it also reduces the amount of pesticides used in greenhouse vegetables.
3.4 Use a small spray spray. The use of 0.7 ~ l mm aperture of the small spray film, spray droplets than the 1.3 mm aperture spray droplets small, large coverage, improve work efficiency, save medication.
4 Strengthen pest forecasting
According to the information of pests and diseases provided by the relevant local authorities, in the light of the occurrence of pests and diseases in the fields, prevention and control should be carried out in the early stage of the occurrence of pests and diseases. Also, blind application of pesticides, with or without pests and diseases, spraying on both ends of the three days, the result is to increase labor costs, increase costs, increase the amount of pesticide residues in vegetables, and does not meet the requirements of pollution-free vegetable production.
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