1. Fertilization problems and fertilization principles
In view of the problems of small amount of organic fertilizers applied in lettuce production, blind application of nitrogen fertilizer, outstanding application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, unreasonable fertilization time and methods, the following principles of fertilization were proposed:
(1) Increase organic fertilizers, control nitrogen fertilizers, and increase phosphorus and potash fertilizers; Topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer, rational application of potash fertilizer;
(3) The vegetable garden with serious acidification should be applied with proper amount of acidic soil conditioner such as lime;
(4) Fertilization combined with high-quality cultivation techniques, especially water management, to improve the efficiency of fertilizer and water use.
2. Fertilizer amount and method
(1) Basal fertilizer once applied to farmyard manure 1000-1500 kg/mu.
(2) Output levels above 3500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 16~18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 7~9 kg/mu, potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8~10 kg/mu.
(3) Production level is 2500-3000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) is 14-16 kg/mu, phosphorus fertilizer (P2O5) is 5-6 kg/mu, and potash fertilizer (K2O) is 6-8 kg/mu.
(4) Output level 1500~2000 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 12~14 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4~5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer (K2O) 5~6 kg/mu.
The acidity of lettuce is very poor. When the vegetable garden soil in the southern region has a pH of less than 5, 150-200 kg of lime are used per acre.
All nitrogen fertilizers were topdressed, followed by 30% topdressing at 20%, 30%, and 50% in the returning green period, rosette period, and early growth period. Potassium fertilizer was applied at 40% to 50%, and the rest was in the rosette stage and early growth stage. For the topdressing in two rounds, all of the phosphate fertilizers were applied as base fertilizer or applied.
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