Biological control is based on biological pesticides, pollution-free pesticides, specific pesticides, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides, to replace the current method of applying a large number of chemical pesticides to prevent pests. With the development of economy and improvement of living standards, people are increasingly concerned about their own health and living environment. Traditional chemical prevention and control will be gradually replaced by low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides and biological control, which deserves more attention in flower cultivation. . Biopesticides generally refer to agents that control pests and diseases with living organisms (mycelium, semi-cystine crystals, insect viruses, etc.). Compared with chemical pesticides, biopesticides have no residue, no pollution, no environmental pollution, and can be specific For related diseases, pest species (ie target). At present, the most commonly used at home and abroad are bacterial pesticides, antibiotics, insect hormones, entomopathogenic nematodes and insect virus pesticides. I. Biological Pesticides for Prevention and Control of Flowers and Leaf Insect Pests Flowers and plants such as moths, poison moths, caterpillars, yellow moths, tussah moths, etc. The following agents are available: 1. Insect growth regulators (biomimetic pesticides) Diflubenzuron series insecticides The agent is a new type of insect growth regulator. Its mechanism of insecticidal action is to inhibit the chitin synthesis of insect epidermis. Diflubenzuron is mainly a stomach poison, but it can also invade the insect epidermis. The medicament has the advantages of special action mechanism, good control effect, long residual effect period, low prevention and control cost, resistance to rain shower, insect resistant to drug resistance, flower plant and environmental safety, and the like. (1) Diflubenzuron No. 1: Diflubenzuron No. 1 is also known as diflubenzuron, enemy killing spirit. It is stable in acidic and neutral media and decomposes in alkaline media. Low toxicity to humans and livestock. Formulations contain 20% diflubenzuron suspension, 25% Trifluralin WP. Diflubenzuron 1's main role is stomach poisoning and contact toxicity, so that when the larvae do not form a new epidermis skin, parasites deformity and death. It has special effects on Lepidoptera pests and is also effective against many pests such as Coleoptera and Diptera. For control of armyworm, yellow thorn moth, hawkmoth, and ulnar gills, dilute about 2000 times with water to spray. Diflubenzuron 1 has a significant precipitation phenomenon. When used, it must be shaken first and then diluted with water; it cannot be mixed with alkaline pesticides; flowers cannot be used when there are mulberry gardens nearby. (2) Diflubenzuron 3: Also known as Suurea 1 or Diflubenzuron. Pure product is white crystal. The performance of light and heat is relatively stable, and the alkali and strong acid are easily decomposed. Stored at room temperature is relatively stable. It is a non-toxic pesticide and is safe to natural enemies. The formulation was a 25% diflubenzuron suspension. Diflubenzuron 3 is an insect growth regulator. The agent is mainly stomach poisoning, but also some insect larvae can not immediately molt and die immediately. The larvae no longer take food after taking the medicine. Generally, the larvae begin to be disabled within 3 days after spraying and reach a peak of disability after 5 days. Since the adult does not molt, the agent is not effective for adults. Diflubenzuron 3 has special effects on Lepidoptera pests. For the control of pests such as big moths, ulnar catfish, and yellow thorn moths, 25% diflubenzuron can be used for spraying from 2000 to 2500 times. The use of diflubenzuron 3 dilute water 800 to 1000 times spray control leaf miner and other effects are very good. Diflubenzuron No. 3 suspension has a precipitation phenomenon. When used, it should be shaken and diluted with water. Before the third instar larvae, the application of pesticides has a high control effect. In the larvae, the application efficiency is low, so the dosage should be increased. In addition, it should be stored in a cool place. In order to make full use of the insecticidal effect of diflubenzuron drugs and achieve the desired control effect, we must seize three steps: (1) Accurately grasp the timing of spraying. It is advisable to use drugs from the beginning of larval incubation to the third instar of larvae, and strive to spray them within one week. (2) Accurate dispensing. Ensure that the diluted active ingredient does not decrease. Thoroughly clean the bottom of the vial and dilute it thoroughly. It is best to open the vial to clean the reagent deposits. (3) spraying uniform and thoughtful. Since there is no systemic absorption of such agents, it must be done so that the tree is evenly applied to the inside and outside of the tree. 2. Bacterial Pesticides - Bt emulsion Bt emulsion is a microbial pesticide of Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterial insecticide of Bacillus. Its main insecticidal ingredient is a half spore crystal. Its preparations include Bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder and Bt emulsion (containing 0.2% pyrethroid insecticide). The drug has now become the main biopesticide widely used in countries all over the world, of which Bt emulsion has become an important agent in China's biological control work. The pathogenic mechanism of Bt emulsion is mainly due to Bt insecticidal toxins that cause lesions in the digestive tract of the pest and die. The leaf-feeding pests eat the leaves with Bt emulsion, cause paralysis, stop eating, unresponsiveness, and diarrhea. After that, the abdomen develops a black ring and gradually expands to the entire body, eventually turning into black soft, rot, hanging upside down or dead on leaves and branches. Bt emulsion has pathogenic and poisonous effects on a variety of lepidopterous larvae and leafhoppers, such as borers, yellow catfish, and moth, and is mainly used to control larvae of lepidopteran pests. The application period is generally ahead of the use of chemical pesticides. 2 to 3 days. Bt emulsion has good control effect on young insects of pests. It works best when applied in hot weather. Spraying is the main method when using drugs, and the concentration is 500 to 800 times (100 to 150 grams per mu). The insects that caused the death of black and rotten Bacillus thuringiensis were collected, wrapped in a gauze bag, rubbed in water, and then 50 to 100 liters of water was sprayed per 50 g of insect body lotion. The pest control effect was also very good. As this drug is a wettable powdered biological preparation, it should be stored in a cool and dry place below 25°C, and it should be protected from sun exposure and moisture. For people, animals, natural enemies, plants, and the environment, it is an ideal agent for protecting the environment. However, when using, it should be noted that the ambient temperature should be maintained at 20 °C or more and the optimum temperature is 27 °C to 32 °C. The drug should not be used in combination with alkaline pesticides, systemic organophosphate insecticides, or bactericides. In the young larvae period, the spraying should be even and thorough, and should be sprayed again after rain. 3. Botanical pesticides (1) 1% cigarette smoke oil: It is a diversified herbal herbal emulsifiable insecticide and can quickly kill insects that are susceptible to insecticides. It has good degradation, no residue, safe use, no pollution, no Pollution, has a stimulating effect on flowers. Dilute 1500 to 3000 times spray application. (2) Baicao No.1 (0.6% matrine lactone solution): It is a botanical pesticide produced by crushing, dissolving, adding additives, and penetrating agents of various plants such as Boxinnpuzi and Sophora alopecuroides, and Chinese herbal medicines. . The main mechanism of action is contact toxicity, supplemented by stomach poisoning, which promotes flower growth. It can be used to control all kinds of aphids and leaf pests of flowers, dilute 1000 to 2000 times of water spray, and the control effect is above 98%. The drug belongs to a new generation of flower insecticides with low toxicity, low residue and no harm to humans, animals and the environment. (3) Hundred insects (1.2% cannapentine EC): Hundred insecticides are plant pesticides. The active ingredients are nicotine and matrine. They have stomach poison, contact and fumigation effects on insects. Low toxicity to humans and animals, no pollution to the environment, no harm to flowers. It can be diluted with water 800 to 1000 times for the prevention and treatment of garden aphids such as sucking pests and leafhoppers and other leaf-feeding pests, and control of young lepidopteran larvae (before 3rd age) can use 2000 times liquid. (4) Fruit and vegetable net (0.5% alizarin EC): It is a plant pesticide. The drug is highly effective, safe, low-toxicity, low-residue and does not cause phytotoxicity in flowers. At the same time with stomach poisoning, contact and a certain antifeedant effect, but mainly to refuse to eat, stomach poisoning. Diluted 800 to 1200 times diluted with water can prevent insects such as ulurus, moths, and moths, and its control effect is 98%, second only to pyrethroid insecticides. 2. Bio-pesticides that prevent flower sucking pests 1. Fungal Pesticides Fungal bio-pesticides mainly have dermatophytes. The dermatophyte is a new fungal biopesticide. The main insecticidal component of the dermatophyte is an ester-soluble sterol compound, which has low toxicity, rapid knockdown of the aphid, and the killing of leafhoppers, does not harm the beneficial insects such as grasshoppers and ladybugs, and promotes growth of flowers. Make the leaf green and other effects. Use a concentration of 200 to 300 times. 2. Antibiotic Pesticides (1) Qi Qi Su (1.8%, 0.9%): Qi Qi Su, also known as efford, the active ingredient of this drug is Avermectin (Avermectin B1). Currently widely used at home and abroad, it can effectively control a large number of plant-eating mites and other pests that are insensitive or resistant to commonly used pesticides, such as red spider, leaf miner, moth, and inchworm. Toxic moths, crickets, etc. Eat leaves, sucking flower pests. Gastrointestinal and contact toxicity to ticks and other pests. Compared with chemical pesticides, the drug has a rapid recovery of predatory and parasitic beneficial insects, which is conducive to ecological balance. Diluted from 15,000 to 20,000 times diluted with water can be used to control red spider. It is an effective acaricide (about 15% of the original liquid with about 1.8% per acre). Diluting 3,000- to 5,000-fold diluted liquid sprays also kills leaf-eating insects and kills nematodes. Therefore, Qiqisu is a broad-spectrum, high-effective insecticide. The drug is easily decomposed with oxygen, light, etc., leaving no residues, and is beneficial to humans and animals, flower plants, natural enemies, and the environment. (2) Liuyangmycin (10% water preparation): Liuyangmycin is a kind of acaricide, and it is a new type of antibiotic agent. The effect of using 800 to 1000 times liquid can be compared with chemical pesticides such as dicofol, chlorpheniramine, oxime, etc. The drug efficacy period can be as long as 15 to 30 days. (3) Huaguangmycin (2.5% powder preparation): Huaguangmycin is a new type of antibiotic acaricide. It does not cause pollution to the environment, there is no residue in the air and soil, and there are beneficial insects. Protection is one of the better agents to protect natural enemies. The flower plants have the effect of stimulating growth, and the use of a concentration of 600-800 times to dilute the spray, 7 to 10 days for two consecutive use can achieve the best results. 3. Botanical Pesticides Botanical bird pesticides (0.5% veratrine alcohol) are included in the plant pesticides. The Guardian Bird is a botanical pesticide. The drug is a plant-based insecticidal pesticide based on a solution of veratrine alcohol. For all kinds of aphids, especially aphids that are susceptible to resistance, they have the best effect and they have a certain effect on leafhoppers. The use concentration is 800 to 1000 times.
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