1, base fertilizer dosage and application period
Basal fertilizer mainly refers to various organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, pig manure, sheep manure, and cow manure. Increasing organic manure is an important measure to increase the buffering capacity of orchard soil, and it is also an important means to ensure the high quality and high yield of apples. When organic fertilizers are applied, they must be cooked beforehand to avoid direct application of fresh produce. The application amount was determined based on the soil organic matter content and yield level (Table 1), and the reference was not applied to the soil organic matter determination at the 1.0 to 1.49 level. If the application amount of the bio-organic fertilizer was reduced by 1/2 to 2/3. The application period is preferably from mid-September to mid-October. Late-maturing varieties can be quickly applied after harvesting. The application method is to take a ditch or acupuncture.
2, NPK fertilizer recommended dosage
The amount of nitrogen fertilizer is mainly determined according to the target yield method, and is generally 0.6 to 1.0 kg. N/100 kg fresh fruit. The specific amount can be increased or decreased according to the soil nitrogen nutrient level (Table 2), and the reference level 101-125 soil test is not applied, but it is best not to exceed 1.0 kg. N/100 kg fresh fruit, otherwise it is prone to bitter pit disease Other physiological diseases.
The amount of P fertilizer is also mainly determined according to the target yield method, and is generally 0.2 to 0.5 kg. P2O5/100 kg fresh fruit. Specifically according to the increase and decrease of soil phosphorus nutrition level (Table 3), the reference 30-45 level without soil testing application.
The amount of potash fertilizer is also mainly determined based on the target yield method, and is generally 0.5 to 1.0 kg K2O./100 kg fresh fruit. The specific amount can be applied according to the increase or decrease of soil potassium nutrition level (Table 3), and the reference level of 100 to 150 without soil testing.
The main basis for applying apple fertilizer in different stages is the tree vigor. Wangshu strengthens the post-harvest and spring shoots for long-term (in mid-June) fertilization, and it does not apply fertilizer in the spring; the Zhongyong tree strengthens post-harvest fertilization (all organic fertilizer and a small amount of fertilizer), Before and after spring flowering and spring shoots for a long period of time (mid-June) were supplemented according to yield; weak trees enhanced spring before and after flowering, and were moderately supplemented after harvest and at spring shoots for a long period (mid-June) (Table 6). The late-maturing varieties were supplemented with some nutrients in the late fruit enlargement period (July-August) based on the yield, shoot growth and fruit enlargement. Organic fertilizers are emphasized in the application of fertilizers in the fall or after harvest, in the case of large amounts of organic fertilizers or high levels of nitrogen, the amount of fertilizer nitrogen can be appropriately reduced.
The trace elements were supplemented with foliar fertilization, and according to apple demand and nutrient deficiency, refer to Table 5.
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