The purpose of raising pigs is to maximize profits, and the cost of feed accounts for about 70% of the total cost of raising pigs. Therefore, correctly understanding the nutritional characteristics and feed requirements of pigs, and configuring cost-effective formulated feeds are important ways to increase pig-raising efficiency.
First, the nutrients needed for pig growth and development
The nutrients needed for pigs are crude protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals (including macro and trace elements) and water. Under stocking conditions, pigs can obtain small amounts of minerals and vitamins through the use of green feed, arched earth, etc., but in the case of large-scale cement, except for water, these nutrients must be obtained through feed. In compound feeds, "grand" such as corn, soybean meal, and bran is usually used.
Second, the pig commonly used feed ingredients
1. Corn: Corn is the main energy feed in China. In the preparation of pig feed, corn is used as the main component of the ratio, and a variety of nutrient balance is implemented around it to supplement the protein.
2, wheat bran: wheat bran has laxative, suckling pigs should avoid the use of food, piglets and medium and large pigs can use 5 to 15%, wheat bran is to control the pig fat, constipation good raw materials. Sows may account for about 20% of diets for sows and no more than 20% for lactating sows in order to avoid low energy and affect lactation.
3. Soybean meal: Soybean meal should be limited to those used in suckling pigs and should not exceed 25%, because soybean antigen in soybean meal can cause diarrhea in suckling piglets and weaned piglets.
4. Cottonseed meal: Gossypol contained in cottonseed meal has a certain toxic effect on pigs, so the use of cottonseed meal should be controlled. Under normal circumstances, cottonseed meal cannot be used in the diets of suckling pigs, piglets and sows, and no more than 6% of the growth of growing pigs and finishing pigs.
5, rapeseed: bitter taste of rapeseed, will affect the palatability and protein utilization, hinder the growth of pigs. Therefore, it is better not to use rapeseed for suckling pigs and piglets. It is advisable to add 3 to 5% to the growth of growing pigs, finishing pigs and sows.
6, peanut meal (cake): peanut cake is a good source of protein feed for pigs, pigs like to eat, but should not be fed, generally not more than 15%, otherwise the body fat of pigs will become soft, affecting carcass quality.
7. Fishmeal: Fishmeal is an excellent feed material for suckling pigs and piglets. If the cost permits, the use of some fishmeal as much as possible will contribute to the production performance of pigs.
Third, the principle of pig food preparation
1, to meet the nutritional needs of pigs to ensure the balance of nutrition: pigs need to get heat, protein, minerals, vitamins and other ingredients from the feed. In recent years, the feed formula design of pigs has used the "available amino acid balance", "mineral balance", "acid-base balance" and other theories, so that nutrition is more reasonable and formula is more economical.
2. Safety: First, it refers to not using moldy, deteriorating, contaminated raw materials; secondly, it refers to the use of drugs and additives that are not easily used and are harmful to the human body, such as lean meat extract.
3. Palatability: Good palatability is a problem that should be fully considered when formulating feeds. In addition to ensuring the freshness of feed ingredients, seasoning and flavoring agents can be added to the diet of suckling pigs and piglets.
4. Economy: The best formula for nutrition is not necessarily the most economic formula. The full-price compound feeds produced, whether sold or used for personal use, should be considered economically.
Fourth, the production of pig diet formula
1. Preparation data: (1) Kind of raw materials. (2) The nutrient content of various raw materials and the content of possible toxic and harmful substances. This is the basis for formulating pig diets.
2. Design formula: According to the known nutrition standards and nutrient content of various raw materials, reasonably determine the proportion of various raw materials in the formula, so that the formula's digestion energy, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, salt, lysine, methionine is just To achieve nutritional standards but not much, thereby reducing costs. When designing formulas, be sure to pay attention to the scientific nature of the formula. Never add any raw materials at will.
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