With the improvement of people's living standards and the development of economic strength, the quality of residents' demand for vegetables has also risen. Affected by this, the vegetable pollution-free planting technology is vigorously promoted. Let's talk about the cultivation techniques of pollution-free vegetables.
First, the difference between organically grown vegetables and pollution-free vegetables
Organic agricultural products are pure, non-polluting, safe and nutritious foods, and can also be called “ecological foodsâ€. It is produced and processed according to the principles of organic agriculture and organic agricultural production methods and standards, and certified by organic food certification agencies.
Pollution-free agricultural products pollution-free agricultural products refer to the ecological environment quality of pollution-free agricultural products. The production process must comply with the prescribed agricultural product quality standards and norms. The toxic and hazardous substances residues are controlled within the scope of safety quality, and the safety quality indicators are consistent with Agricultural, animal husbandry, and fishery products (food, excluding deep-processed foods) of the Public Agricultural Products (Food) Standards are recognized by specialized agencies and are permitted to use products marked with pollution-free agricultural products.
Second, pollution-free vegetable cultivation techniques
1. Choose a production base
The choice of production base is the first step in greenhouse cultivation. The best planting base must be non-polluting, environmentally friendly, and free from pollution, which can meet the basic requirements for vegetable growth and development. The choice of planting place, the light is better, the irrigation is convenient, away from the land pollution area, away from the garbage dump, and there must be a certain distance from the population gathering place. In addition, the selection of planting soil is equally important and critical. Before preparing for planting, it is best to test the soil to ensure that it is rich in certain nutrients and has certain resistance to pests and diseases. If conditions permit, it can be tested for 3 years in a row, after which it is planted on a large scale.
2. Seed treatment and selection
Seeds for planting, requirements: high yield, strong disease resistance, high temperature resistance. Moreover, it is resistant to severe cold and storage. The selected seeds need to be treated early. Soak seeds, 2% potassium permanganate solution, soak for half an hour. Remove the water and wash it, place it in warm water at 55 ° C, and remove it after 10 minutes. The soaked seeds are coated with low-toxic pesticides to prevent subterranean pests from being better.
3. Optimize the vegetable population structure
Planting vegetables in greenhouses is different from open planting. The choice of sowing time should take into account the characteristics of vegetables and temperature changes. In the later period, attention should be paid to strengthening field management, rational fertilization and watering, combined with intercropping and intercropping models to reduce the occurrence of water accumulation in the field. In addition, according to the size of the shed, the planting plant is rationally configured.
4. Management technology of the environment inside the greenhouse
4.1 Temperature regulation
In the seedling stage, it is necessary to prevent high temperature burning seedlings and freezing dead seedlings. After the plants are planted, they should maintain a high temperature, which is conducive to rapid seedling growth. In the result period, the temperature difference between day and night should be improved by uncovering the film. In the late stage of autumn vegetables, you can use the greenhouse + small arch shed + grass felt cover and stacking fermented straw to keep warm and prevent cold, so as to extend the time to market for vegetables.
4.2 Control of humidity
According to different vegetables and different growth periods, the demand for water is properly irrigated. In the seedling stage, the soil moisture should be too large, and there should be sufficient fertilizer and water in the early stage of flowering and fruit setting, and sufficient water should be given during the fruiting period. The whole growth period of the crop should not be too dry or too wet. Change the irrigation method, such as drip irrigation under the membrane, to avoid increasing the humidity of the protected cultivation environment.
4.3 greenhouse fertilizer
The fertilizer used in the greenhouse is mainly organic grain fertilizer, and the application of ternary compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is added. The organic matter needs to be applied in the first 10~20d, combined with phosphate fertilizer to moisturize and close the shed fermentation, to ensure the fertilization of the bar, and the soil is effectively disinfected and sterilized. Under normal circumstances, it is very important to grow nutrients for every 667m greenhouse vegetable growth, but it is necessary to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, especially the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in summer and autumn to prevent fertilizer damage.
4.4 Water management in greenhouses
The temperature in the greenhouse is high, and the soil moisture evaporates faster. Planting fruit-bearing vegetables advocates the use of mulching film, embedding a dropper, and water-saving irrigation can prevent high-humidity diseases while meeting crop water requirements. Pay special attention to the method and time of irrigation. Sandy loam is not easy to slow irrigation.
4.5 Control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse
The suitable temperature for vegetable production is generally 25~30°C during the day, 10~20°C at night, and 70% relative humidity (watermelon crops, melons, 32~35°C during the day). When the soil temperature is 4~5°C, the production of vegetables is inhibited. Therefore, the temperature is adjusted according to the different stages of crop growth, and the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse should be controlled according to different varieties.
5. Integrated pest management
It is the key to prevent drug abuse in the early stages of different growth stages of various vegetables. Timely ventilation, ventilation, and dehumidification increase CO2 concentration, reduce disease occurrence conditions, increase vegetable resistance, reduce the impact of physiological obstacles on vegetables, and prevent pests and diseases. the key of.
5.1 Physical control:
(1) Facility protection. In summer, plastic film, insect nets and sunshade nets are used to protect against rain, sun and insects, which can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Shading nets can be used in greenhouses and large, medium and small sheds, as well as flat sheds. In addition to the function of the general shade net, the insect net can also prevent pests from moving into the shed to play the role of pest control and disease prevention. (2) trapping and repelling. One is the light trapping. For example, the use of black light can trap more than 300 kinds of pests, and most of the adults that are trapped are pests, which have a good effect on reducing the density of pests. Frequently vibrating insecticidal lamps, with selective insecticidal properties, can not only trap and kill pests, but also protect natural enemies. The second is to lure and kill. Some pests have the habit of choosing specific conditions to lurk. People can use this habit to carry out targeted traps. The third is to lure or poison the bait. The bait is made of materials that the pests particularly like to eat, and they are concentrated and eaten to eliminate them. Such as the use of fried wheat bran mixed with pesticides to trap cockroaches and so on. The fourth is the swatch trap. Place some yellow plates coated with mucus or honey liquid in the shed to attract the mites and white mites to the yellow board.
5.2 Biological control:
Master the dynamic development of biological populations and give full play to the control effects of natural enemies. For example, the use of beneficial insects such as Trichogramma and Coccinellidae to control pests. Use biological pesticides to make bacteria and control pests. For example, the use of agricultural anti-120 to control vegetable wilt, Liuyangmycin to control vegetable leafhoppers, aphids and so on. Rational use of growth regulators to enhance the crop's own resistance and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.
5.3 Rational use of drugs:
The occurrence of pests and diseases is closely related to temperature, humidity, gas and light. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the microclimate in the greenhouse. During the application process, the dosage should not be increased or decreased at will, the correct application method should be mastered, and the safety period of different pesticides should be strictly observed. Try to reduce the number of medications and pay attention to the use of pesticides. Improve the application method, such as spraying the liquid to spray, changing the ground application to soil treatment, and applying the method such as fumigation on rainy days to avoid increasing the humidity in the shed.
The above is the non-polluted vegetable planting technology introduced by Xiaobian today. With the improvement of people's living water products, the requirements for the quality of vegetables are getting higher and higher, so it is very important to master the technology of pollution-free vegetable cultivation.
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