At present, rape is entering the bud stage. The rape bud stage is the key period when rape grows long and reaches strong roots, strong stems, and many branches, which lays the foundation for more angles, grains, and grain weights. It is also the period when rape can absorb most of nutrients of nitrogen and potassium. The adequate supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients has a major impact on the number of effective branches per plant and the number of pods. The budding period of rapeseed in Hubei is from the end of January to early March, which is about 30 days. At this stage, the temperature gradually rises, the illumination time gradually increases, the rainfall is abundant, and the natural climate is very favorable to the growth and development of rape, but it also exists. The temperature rise is not stable, the cold and thunderstorms are frequent, and the humidity in the field is large, which can easily lead to freezing damage to the plants and the weakening of the root system. Diseases occur and affect the yield. The focus of field management work during this period was to promote the stability of rapeseed springs, coordinate nutrient production and reproductive growth, coordinate the contradiction between individuals and groups, strive for more branches, more angles, more grains, and reduce the harm of pests and diseases.
Focusing on these priorities, we should focus on the following technical measures:
The first was to apply fertilizer early. In production, the application of manure depends on the seedlings, the land, and the sky. It can be used to grasp the principle of early development, long-term stability, long-term decline, and long-term greediness. In view of the fact that in recent years, the humidity in our province has been higher than in previous years, and the characteristics of rainfall are high, fertility, fertility, and seedling growth are less likely to be applied to fertility, and thin and weak bladed plots must be replanted. Fertilizer, about 5 kilograms of pure nitrogen per acre, generally 10 to 25 kilograms of urea per acre.
Second, supplement boron fertilizer. Rape is a crop that is sensitive to boron, and boron deprivation appears to be flowery. The addition of boron fertilizer to soils deficient in boron can promote rooting and strong seedlings in the early stage, promote long-reaching growth and defoliation in the middle stage, and increase yield and oil content in the later period. According to the relevant experimental results, the application of boron fertilizer in the rape bud stage and early flowering stage has the best effect, and the addition of boron fertilizer to the field tube in spring can make rape can prevent disease and increase yield. Therefore, in the early stage of rapeseed, the field with insufficient application of boron should be topdressed with boron fertilizer during the flood season. The first mu with borax 0.1kg combined with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1kg, urea 0.2kg watered 50kg spray, the second mu with borax 0.1kg spray or spray separately.
Third, prevent water stains. After the spring, there is a significant increase in rainfall, excessive soil moisture, poor ventilation, which impedes the expansion of root production, impedes the absorption of nutrients, leads to poor growth and development, and can easily cause rot-root dead seedlings. At the same time, due to the high humidity in the field, the occurrence of diseases and pests is favorable. Spreading, therefore, on the basis of ditching before winter, timely clean up the "three ditch" (cargo ditch, waist ditch, and gutter) after the spring to ensure that the gullies are connected, the clear water can be discharged, and the dark water can be filtered to make it rainy. Stop the dry land and prevent the accumulation of water after the rain, which will cause waterlogging, prevent disease and prevent lodging.
Fourth, weeding and weeding. With the increase of rainfall, the temperature rises, weeds grow rapidly, and the soil is easy to compact. Therefore, in the early spring rape seal, we should timely cultivator weeding, loose topsoil, improve ground temperature, improve soil physical and chemical properties, and promote root development. At the same time, the cultivator also cut off the sclerotinia ascaria discs and buried capsules to reduce the occurrence of sclerotinia.
Fifth, strengthen disease prevention and control. Sprouting and disease of rapeseed rape, virus disease, and insect pests and diseases of aphids and leafminers are common, and prevention and control work should be done in an early flowering period. It can be controlled with 40% urinary nucleus or 40% sclerotium net or thiophanate-methyl and other agents. In the initial flowering period, 40% gray nucleus 100g watered 50kg sprayed on the middle and lower leaves of the plant and the ground yellow leaves 1-2 times , Or in the first flowering week, mu will be sprayed 1-2 times with 40% sclerotin net 100g watered 50kg, and in the flowering period (mid-to-late mid-March), 25% of the mu will be used to control 100g 40ml watered 75kg, ensuring that Rape is a long-term, disease-resistant, high-yield and stable crop. Spraying time is usually between 10 am and 4 pm. If it rains, spray it again.
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