Selection Of Anaesthetic Drugs: Halothane, Isoflurane Or Sevoflurane
Selection of inhaled anesthetics: halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane
Speed ​​of Induction and Recovery
Sevoflurane is half as soluble in blood as isoflurane, which is approximately half as soluble in blood as halothane. The more insoluble an anaesthetic, the rapid the anaesthetic, in rapid the changes in depth and faster the recovery. Is not huge, but animals will recover fastest from sevoflurane and to a lesser degree, isoflurane, and will be more alert - owners notice this difference! Speed ​​of recovery is an important consideration for neonates (C-sections), geriatric patients and for long Anaesthetics.
The blood solubility of sevoflurane is half that of isoflurane and nearly half of that of halothane. The lower the solubility, the faster the induction, anesthesia becomes deeper or wakes up. Clinically, these drugs do not differ much, but animals that use sevoflurane wake up more quickly than isoflurane, which will require pet owners to pay more attention to this difference. For caesarean section or old age, the speed of recovery is very important. Similarly, the speed of surgery for a long time is also important.
Circulatory Function loop function
All inhalation anaesthetics cause a dose-dependent reduction in mean arterial pressure which is caused by a dose-dependent decrease in cardiac output and stroke volume. There is a tendency for less cardiac depression with isoflurane and sevoflurane, particularly in cats, and at deeper levels Of anaesthesia. The cardiovascular system seems to be more tolerant of changes in anaesthetic depth with isoflurane or sevoflurane compared to halothane.
All inhaled anesthetics caused a dose-dependent decrease in mean arterial pressure due to a dose-dependent decrease in cardiac output and a decrease in stroke volume. This trend, especially when it is on cats or at deeper anesthesia, is less noticeable when using isoflurane or sevoflurane.
The arrhythmogenic potential for halothane is much greater than that for isoflurane or sevoflurane. This is especially important for any patient with cardiac disease manifested by an arrhythmia. In such patients (eg, gastric dilatation), halothane may be contraindicated.
Halothane is more likely to cause arrhythmias than isoflurane and sevoflurane. This is especially important for the condition of a heart attack that already has arrhythmia.
Respiratory Function
In in in in in in in in in in in in in in , isoflurane has been shown to cause less respiratory depression when compared to halothane (there is no comparative data for sevoflurane).
All respiratory anesthetics cause dose-dependent respiratory depression, as evidenced by an increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels when the anesthetic dose is increased. In canine cases, isoflurane has a greater respiratory depression than other anesthetics. Despite this, isoflurane has a lower respiratory inhibition than halothane in cats.
Metabolism metabolism
Traditionally, it was thought that the inhalation anaesthetics were entirely taken up and eliminated by the lungs. However, of that portion of the anaesthetic taken up by the body's tissue, 25% of halothane is metabolized, compared to 3% of sevoflurane and virtually O % for isoflurane This becomes particularly important for neonatal animals and animals with liver or renal impairment.
Traditionally, inhaled anesthetics are absorbed and excreted by the lungs. However, some anesthetics are absorbed by body tissues, of which 25% of halothane is metabolized by the body, and 3% of sevoflurane, which is almost 0% isoflurane, is metabolized by the body. This is very important for newborn animals or animals with liver and kidney function damage.
In addition, metabolism of inhalation anaesthetics is an important concern from an occupational health aspect. Since metabolism of isoflurane, and to a lesser extent sevoflurane, is minimal, it offers distinct advantages from the perspective of occupational health exposure. In veterinary practices with good waste Anaesthetic gas management, occupational exposure still occurs at the time of disconnection, during recovery and when servicing equipment!
In addition, the metabolism of anesthetics is very important for occupational health. Because isoflurane has lower body metabolism than sevoflurane, this has long-term implications for occupational health. If the exhaust gas is well managed, the veterinary clinical occupational exposure time is after extubation and when operating the machine.
Pregnant women should minimize their exposure to waste anaesthetic gases, particularly those that are highly metabolized such as halothane and nitrous oxide. AAS advises pregnant woman to wear face masks that scavenge waste anaesthetic gas while working in anaesthesia.
Pregnant women should try to avoid exposure to anesthesia, especially those drugs that are largely metabolized by the body such as halothane and nitrous oxide. AAS pregnant women wear gas masks during anesthesia work.
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